This paper presents a new arc flow model for the one-dimensional bin covering problem and an algorithm to solve the problem exactly through a branch-and-bound procedure and the technique of column generation. The subproblems occuring in the procedure of branch-and-bound have the same structure and therefore can be solved by the same algorithm. In order to solve effectively the subproblems which are generally large scale, a column generation algorithm is employed. Many rules found in this paper can improve the performance of the methods.

The Mirror Extending (ME) approach is proposed in this paper for solving the end extending issue in the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. By this approach, the data is extended into a closed circuit without end. The derivatives on ends are not necessary any more for Spline fitting. The approach eliminates the possible problems in reliability and uniqueness in the original extending approach of the EMD method. In the ME approach only one extending is necessary before the data analysis. A theoretical criterion is proposed here for checking the extending approach. ME approach has been proved to satisfy the theoretical criterion automatically and permanently. This approach makes the EMD method reliable and easy to follow.

This study on the conditions for the convergence and almost-sure continuity of infinite series of independent two-parameter Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes yielded sufficient conditions similar to that for independent one-parameter Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes.

In this paper, the author proves that the L^p-boundedness of the Marcinkiewicz integral μ_Ω on product domains Rⁿ×R^m; for Ω(1)∩(5) improves the result of Chen et al. (2000).

The properties of a two-dimensional vortex system with random columnar defects were studied by cooling the vortex system to zero temperature. The vortex lattice became more and more disordered with increasing pinning strength f_p. At small f_p, a triangular vortex lattice away from the pins was observed. The peak of structure factor S(G₀) of the vortex lattice decreased with pinning strength f_p, which accorded with the finding that the probability of vortex to be pinned increased with f_p. Some of our results agreed with experimental findings.

The rheological behavior of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) in N,N\'-dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene (TOL), polystyrene (PS) in DMF, MEK, DCE, THF and cyclohexane (CYH), and random ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in DCE, TOL, CYH with and without surfactant of Span80 and in the DCE/CYH solvent mixtures with surfactant of Span80 was examined at high dilution. It was shown that the extent and type of the upsweep or downsweep (anomalous rheological behavior) of the reduced viscosity-concentration curves of these different polymers at high dilution are markedly dependent on the dielectric constant of the solvent and the polarity of the polymer used. The experimental results indicated that the anomalous rheological behavior of EVA copolymer, widely used as a flow improver, is related to its efficiency in reducing viscosity and depressing pour point of crude oil and waxy solvents.

The photocatalytic activity of the mixtures of TiO₂ with the rare earth oxide La was investigated. The study on the effect of the rare earth oxide content, calcinating temperature and calcinating time on the performance of the mixture revealed that sample treated under higher temperature and longer time had higher photoactivity than pure TiO₂. The experimental results of polycrystalline X-ray diffraction showed that the extent of the lattice expansion varied with the variation of calcinating temperature or time. It is suggested that this might be due to the variation of La content diffused into the TiO₂ lattice. The La in the lattice may inhibit the recombinatin of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and thus enhance the photoactivity.

An improved method for preparing enantiomerically pure 1,1\'-bi-2-naphthols is described. 1,1\'-bi-2-naphthol boric anhydride was generated from the reaction of racemic 1,1\'-bi-2-naphthol and boric anhydride. Its two diastereoisomers could be efficiently separated in THF using (L)-proline as the resolving agent. Treatment in three successive steps yielded 79% and 74% enantiomerically pure (S)- and (R)-1,1\'-bi-2-naphthol respectively.

Incineration as a method of reducing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) volume and recovery of energy has been developed gradually in China. More attention is paid on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) formed in MSW incineration process. This paper presents results of the analysis of PCDD/Fs in the residues of a fluidized bed incinerator co-firing MSW and coal in the Yuhang Thermal Power Plant. The effects of operation conditions and the wet scrubber system on PCDD/Fs formation were also analyzed. PCDD/Fs emitting from the smoke stack was 0.92 I-TEQ ng/Nm³. After the wet scrubber emission of dioxins increased and the shifting of homologue profiles in flue gas was also observed, PCDFs were not detected in the incinerator residues. From this, we can see that in the MSW incineration process, the formation mechanism of PCDFs was different from that of PCDDs. The results will benefit further research on the optimal operation of incinerator and control of PCDD/Fs emission from the MSW incinerator.

Characteristics of fluoride emission from five clay minerals (montmorillonite, kaolinite, vermiculite, geothite, and allophane) as affected by temperature, heating time and addition of calcium compounds were studied. Marked increase of the fluoride emission rate was noticed with increase of temperature. The fluoride release, began at 500 °C-600 °C, and the main bulk of the fluoride emission occurred at the temperature of about 800 °C. The loss of crystalline water was primarily responsible for the increase of fluoride emission. When minerals were heated at 800 °C, the fluoride emission rate from the clay minerals reached the highest after heating for 1 hour. The samples treated by CaO, CaCO₃, Ca(OH)₂, Ca₃(PO₄)₂, and CaSO₄ had 55.45%, 59.58%, 46.45%, 54.31%, 31.25% reduction in the fluoride emission from montmorillonite at the temperature of 800 °C, respectively. CaCO₃ had the highest fluoride fixing capacity compared to other calcium compounds.

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of individual leaf spectral reflectance to five levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments in rice(Oriza sativa L.) plants. Sampling was combined through a rice canopy at upper, medium and low levels for biomass, nitrogen and water content measurements with spectral signals from the leaves. The vertical gradients of leaf biomass,nitrogen and water contents were associated with the nitrogen availability during tillering, panicle formation, initial heading and heading. Rice plants treated with the lowest rate of N could be characterized with the lowest value of gradient in leaf biomass and leaf water content and the highest value of gradient in leaf N concentration. A spectral gradient of single reflectance(R),ratio(RVI) and normalized difference(ND) of two individual reflectances was defined as this yielded a better relationship between the spectral data and leaf nitrogen concentration. The results suggested the spectral gradients may be used as an improved diagnostic tool for nitrogen status.

The 4th instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L, when treated with anti-juvenile hormone (Jinlu) had its larval period extended by 2 days and the total larval period shortened by about 4 days. The conversion ratio of tetramolters into trimolters was 100%. But anti-juvenile hormone administration to the 5th instar larvae lengthened the silkworm age by one day. When anti-juvenile hormone was administered, we could find many neurosecretory granules of the brain transferred to the cells of the corpora allata, but there was little endoplasmic reticulum. In the prothoracic gland, the micropile edge was clear and there were large nucleoli, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. This study was carried out to show that anti-JH compound inhibits the secretion of Juvenile hormone in silkworm Bombyx mori L. The investigation revealed that the anti-juvenile hormone inhibited the secretion of corpora allata and initiated the activity of the prothoracic gland.

There is growing concern for corrosion damage in reinforced concrete structures with several decades\' service. Pullout tests and beam tests were carried out to study the effect of reinforcement corrosion on the bond behavior and bending strength of reinforced concrete beams. The bond strength of plain bars and concrete initially increases with increasing corrosion, then declines. The turning point depends on the cracking of the concrete cover. The bond strength of deformed bars and concrete increases with corrosion up to a certain amount, but with progressive increase in corrosion, the bond strength decreases, and the cracking of the concrete cover seems to have no effect on the bond strength. On the basis of test data, the bond strength coefficient recommended here, which, together with the bond strength of uncorroded steel bars and concrete, can be used to easily calculate the bond strength of corroded steel bars and concrete. The bond strength coefficient proposed in this paper can be used to study the bond stress-slip relationship of corroded steel bars and concrete. The bending strength of corroded reinforced concrete beams declines with increasing reinforcement corrosion. Decreased bending strength of corroded RC beam is due to reduction in steel bar cross section, reduction of yield strength of steel bar, and reduction of bond capacity between steel bar and concrete.

The results of systemic behavior analysis of cantilever arched retaining structure reported in this paper have significant value for guiding the design and application of such structure.

Some important factors for designing a series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) are presented in this paper for the case when the load is varied in a wide range and/or the source voltage is seriously distorted. Special design of passive filters, adaptive control of parameter and multi variant control are discussed in detail. The filter is stable, has good performance, and causes small capacitive reactive current. The simulation and experimental results accorded with the theoretical analysis results.

For investigating the possibility of applying degenerate oligonucleotide primer PCR (DOP-PCR) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique to analyses of genomic genetics in a single cell, the whole genomic DNA of a single cell with XX, XY, XO, XXY, +13 or +21 was amplified by DOP-PCR. Single cell DOP-PCR CGHs with conventional and modified control references, the genomic DNA and a single cell DOP-PCR product from normal male, were carried out respectively. The results showed that the average profile of the fluorescence intensity ratio in CGH with the genomic DNA as reference fluctuates much and that the standard deviation in about 30% haploid is beyond the normal limits. False positive hyper-representation was found to exist in X chromosome while trisomy 13 and 21 were not detected. However, the distributions of the mean and the standard deviation of the ratio in the CGH with DOP-PCR product as reference were quite acceptable. The copy number changes of chromosome X,Y,13 and 21 were revealed. Those results suggested that there is unrandom unequal amplification in a single cell DOP-PCR. Using a single DOP-PCR product as reference can decrease its influence on CGH. Single cell DOP-PCR-CGH and its application in the genetic analyses of preimplantation embryo or fetal cell in maternal blood may be possible.

Objective: To study the effects of different concentrations of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODN) on human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s. Method: Human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s in exponential growth stage was used to study the effect of different drug concentrations on the cell line in the presence of different concentrations (0 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml) of ASODN and sense oligodeoxynucleotides (SODN). Cell counts and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolzyl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were carried out. Results: The inhibitory rate on the cell line PaTu8988s was 98.73%, 95.76%, 69.49%, 33.05% and 0 for ASODM concentrations of 200 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml at 48 hours. Conclusions: K-ras complementary ASODN can inhibit the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line PaTu8988s by 30.05% to 98.73%. This is likely to contribute to the specificity of the K-ras mRNA complementary capped ASODN sequential codon. Non-specific effect and side effect of ASOND were observed for instance, the greater the concentration is, the earlier the peak of inhibitory rate is reached. In concentration of 25 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml ASODN showed a dose-effect correlation.

The authors modified the design of Mohler\'s method of cleft lip repair, and attempted to make this method more reasonable, standard and surgically applicable, yield better outcome and to broaden the indications. In the modified Mohler technique, wherein designing and dissecting of the flap and the orbicular oris muscle are done separately, the author created an equilateral triangle flap (side≤6mm) from the frontal part of the columella.The flap is rotated and displaced downwards so that the atrophic philtral dimple is lengthened, the philtral column is reconstructed in such a way that the involved side of the Cupid\'s bow peak is restored to the normal position. From 1998 to 2000, the authors used this modified method to correct unilateral cleft lips in 38 patients. The results showed that the skin of the frontal columella and that of the philtral dimple were structurely similar, and so is ideal material for repairing the atrophied philtral dimple. The modified Mohler method for unilateral cleft lips can produce a better lip contour and broaden the indications.

Extensive intestine resection may result in short bowel syndrome (SBS) which is difficult to manage. This study reports a rare SBS case in a 6-year-old boy following resection of total jujunoileum and right colon. Our experience in 4-years follow-up and literature reports on SBS is discussed. The purpose of this study was also to evaluate the nutritional absorptive capacity and intestinal adaptation. In the 15th postoperative month, barium x-ray study showed a significantly extended and enlarged duodenum and colon. The intestinal transit time was prolonged to 22 hours. The absorption rate of palmic acid, glycine and D-xylose had increased from 57%, 50% and 4% respectively in the 15th postoperative month, to 75%, 65% and 6% in the 2nd postoperative year. His absorptive capacity allowed him normal oral feeding and normal school life. Our data confirmed the reports of the colon as an energy-salvage organ, and suggested that it may have some capacity to absorb long-chain fatty acids and amino acids.

The authors investigated socioeconomic factors associated with prevalent gynecologic diseases in data provided by participants in Women\'s Health and Health Education Study Program. In 1997, 1515 Zhejiang married rural women aged 15-49 years completed health questionnaires given them by trained medical students who interviewed them at their homes. Single factor and multiple factors analysis were used to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and gynecologic morbidity. The data obtained in this study showed that the gynecologic morbidity of the studied married rural women had certain relationship to age, abortion times, postnatal consultation visits and other socioeconomic factors. The finding would be helpful for understanding the current reproductive health of married rural women and preventing gynecologic diseases by controlling the risk factors.

China, with the largest population in the world, has most of its people living in the rural areas. How to boost the rural economy further is a key factor to the rapid development of the national economy. The author shows with many examples that the development of freshwater farming has considerable economic benefits and thus can facilitate the modernization of the Chinese rural areas.

In the People\'s Republic of China and England, the Government has devoted much attention in recent years to environmental education. The approaches taken in both countries differ, however. The paper looks at some of the similarities and differences that exist and the reasons for them. In particular the paper looks at policy issues as well as practical aspects of environmental education. The idea of Education for Sustainable Development, which is referred to more in England than in China, is critically examined.

The whole Marxist theory centers on the emancipation and freedom of human beings, the naming of his highest ideal as association of free individuals\' being the clear proof. However, it would be superficial to announce Marxism as humanism of individualism according to Marx\'s pursuit of free development of each\'. The free development of each\' put forward by Marx when describing the association of free individuals\' refers to individuals\' re-subjecting their social relations that have been changed into material powers owing to private ownership and alienation. In this sense, the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. In this very sense, too, the foundation of the real community is required as the presupposition so as to relate his theory of freedom to the theory on the elimination of private ownership and the alienation and elimination of class and state finally.

This paper holds that an anti-corruption campaign in the process of modernization in developing countries must be sustained and systematic, and conformed, and geared to the whole modernization drive and be reconciled with economic development, social stability, improvement of efficiency and perfection of the legal system, with safeguarding and promoting the overall development of modernization as its purpose. Based on analysis of the characteristics of corruption among government officials, the present paper puts forward five measures to fight it. \nAnti-corruption program in a political campaign is of so great importance that proper measures should be taken. The success of this campaign lies largely in the balance between the evil forces behind corruption and the combined force of all the good people in and outside the government, who are behind the anti-corruption campaign. With the spread of corruption, the campaign should not be confined to the government itself; the participation and support of non-governmental democratic institutions and organizations should be sought.