Effect of temperature on volume strain and consolidation characteristics of calcareous sand

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.002

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2020, Vol. 54

Issue (2): 221-232 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.002

Civil and Transportation Engineering

Effect of temperature on volume strain and consolidation characteristics of calcareous sand

Shao-heng HE1(

),Tang-dai XIA1,Bing-qi YU1,Zhi DING2,*(

),Min GAO1,Hua-feng SHAN3

1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
3. Institute of Coastal Environment and Geotechnical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China

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Abstract

A series of temperature-controlled triaxial tests were conducted on calcareous sand from the South China Sea under different temperatures and confining pressures, in order to explore the mechanism of effect of temperature change on the volume strain of calcareous sand. Results show that the increase of temperature will cause compressive volume strain of calcareous sand and quartz sand with relative density of 70%. The thermal volume strain of calcareous sand caused by temperature rising is much larger than that of quartz sand, and the sensitivity of thermal volume strain of calcareous sand to confining pressure is much greater than that of quartz sand. When the confining pressure is high, the thermal volume strain of calcareous sand caused by temperature rising increases significantly and the development mode of volume strain changes obviously. The consolidation characteristics of calcareous sand and quartz sand under different temperatures were studied by using temperature-controlled consolidation apparatus. Results show that with the increase of temperature, the compression curves of two kinds of sand in e-lg p plane move upward and then downward, and the slope of straight section decreases first and then increases, but the consolidation stability time of two kinds of sand is ahead of time. Comparing with quartz sand, the consolidation compression of calcareous sand increases significantly in the temperature range of 45~75 °C, which is much higher than that of calcareous sand at normal temperature. Screening tests show that with the increase of temperature, the degree of particle breakage of calcareous sand after consolidation increases significantly, which leads to the increase of compression of calcareous sand during high temperature consolidation.

Key words： temperature effect calcareous sand from South China Sea temperature-controlled triaxial apparatus volume change consolidation characteristics

Received: 23 June 2019 Published: 10 March 2020

CLC:

TU 111

Corresponding Authors: Zhi DING E-mail: heshaoheng@zju.edu.cn;dingz@zucc.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Shao-heng HE,Tang-dai XIA,Bing-qi YU,Zhi DING,Min GAO,Hua-feng SHAN. Effect of temperature on volume strain and consolidation characteristics of calcareous sand. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(2): 221-232.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.02.002 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2020/V54/I2/221

温度效应对钙质砂体积应变和固结特性的影响

为了探究温度变化引起钙质砂体积应变的作用机制，在不同温度和围压下对南海钙质砂进行温控三轴试验，并与石英砂试验进行对比. 研究表明：升温引起相对密实度为70%的钙质砂和石英砂产生压缩体积应变；升温引起的钙质砂热体积应变远大于石英砂，且钙质砂热体积应变对围压的敏感性远强于石英砂；在围压较大时，升温引起的钙质砂热体积应变明显增加且体积应变发展模式显著改变. 利用温控固结仪研究不同温度下钙质砂和石英砂的固结特性. 研究表明：随温度升高，2种砂在e-lg p面内的压缩曲线先向上移再下移，直线段的斜率先减小后增大，但达到固结稳定的时间均提前；不同于石英砂，在45~75°C下，升温导致钙质砂的固结压缩量显著增加，远超常温水平，这是因为由筛分试验发现，随温度增加，钙质砂颗粒破碎程度增大，导致其在高温固结时的压缩量增大.

关键词： 温度效应, 南海钙质砂, 温控三轴仪, 体积变化, 固结特性

Fig.1 X-ray diffraction results of natural calcareous sand

Tab.1 Basic physical properties of calcareous and quartz sands

Fig.2 SEM images of typical calcareous sand particles

Fig.3 Gradation curve of calcareous and quartz sands

Fig.4 Temperature-controlled stress path triaxial apparatus

Fig.5 Average effective stress-deviatoric stress-temperature three-dimensional stress path

Fig.6 Temperature-controlled consolidation system

Fig.7 Relationship between thermal expansion coefficient of water with temperature and confining pressure

Fig.8 Curves of temperature and drainage volume with time in calcareous sand consolidation

Fig.9 Relationship between sample drainage volume with tempera ture and confining pressure

Fig.10 Mode of sand volume strain caused by temperature under different relative compactness

Fig.11 Volume strain of calcareous and quartz sands caused by temperature change under different confining pressures

Fig.12 Consolidation compression of calcareous and quartz sands at different temperatures against time

Fig.13 Gradation curve of calcareous sand after consolidation at different temperatures

Fig.14 Relative particle breakage index of calcareous sand after consolidation

Fig.15 e-lg p curve of calcareous and quartz sands at different temperatures

Fig.16 Normalized void ratio of calcareous and quartz sands at different temperatures against time

Fig.17 Variation of compressive modulus of calcareous sand with temperature under different vertical pressures

Fig.18 Relationship between lg E_i/p_a and lg p/p_a of calcareous and quartz sands

Fig.19 Relationship between test constants K and b of calcareous and quartz sands

Fig.20 Relationship between test parameters b and temperature of calcareous and quartz sands

Fig.21 Comparison of measured values of compressive modulus of calcareous and quartz sands with prediction curve of presented model


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