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浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (12): 2325-2334    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.12.009
土木工程、水利工程     
碎裂岩体滑坡运动特征及近场涌浪变化规律
韩林峰1,2(),王平义2,*(),王梅力3,刘云4
1. 重庆交通大学 土木工程学院,重庆 400074
2. 重庆交通大学 国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆 400074
3. 重庆交通大学 建筑与城市规划学院,重庆 400074
4. 重庆工业职业技术学院,重庆 401120
Motion characteristics of cataclastic rockslides and change rules of impulse waves in near-field zone
Lin-feng HAN1,2(),Ping-yi WANG2,*(),Mei-li WANG3,Yun LIU4
1. School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
2. National Engineering Technology Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
4. Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 401120, China
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摘要:

收集三峡库区48组典型岩体滑坡参数及裂隙发育情况,在遵循相似准则的基础上,结合万州河段地形资料建立浅水区碎裂岩体滑坡涌浪三维物理模型. 通过多组模型试验,测定不同形状及方量的岩体滑坡水上运动特征以及滑坡淹没率对近场涌浪最大波幅的影响. 结果表明:破碎后的岩体滑坡沿厚度方向产生速度梯度,使得滑坡体分层滑向水面,且滑坡最大厚度随着滑动距离的增加呈指数衰减;当滑坡淹没率小于极限淹没率时,近场涌浪最大波幅随着水深的减小而急剧降低. 通过对无量纲参数的多元回归分析,建立碎裂岩体滑坡最大厚度衰减公式、浅水区滑坡淹没率经验公式以及三维涌浪近场最大波幅的预测方程. 红岩子滑坡和龚家坊滑坡现场观测资料分析结果验证了方程在浅水中的有效性.

关键词: 碎裂岩体滑坡运动特征浅水区滑坡涌浪近场最大波幅淹没率    
Abstract:

Forty-eight field data of parameters and fracture developments of typical rockslides in Three Gorges Reservoir were collected. On the basis of following similar guidelines, a three-dimensional physical model of impulse waves generated by cataclastic rockslides in shallow water area was established based on the topography data of the Wanzhou Rive section. In terms of many model tests, measure movement characteristics on the water of rockslides with different shapes and volumes, landslide submergence ratio and maximum near-field wave amplitude. The testing results show that the fractured rock mass produces a velocity gradient along the landslide thickness direction, causing the rock mass to slide layer by layer to the water. The maximum landslide thickness decreases exponentially with the increasing sliding distance. In addition, when the submergence ratio is less than the landslide limit submergence ratio, the near-field amplitudes will decrease sharply with decreasing water depth. The predictive equations were derived using a multi-variable regression analysis of the dimensionless parameters, giving the attenuation equation for the maximum landslide thickness, the empirical equation for landslide submergence ratio and the predictive equation for maximum near-field wave amplitude generated by three-dimensional shallow-water rock landslide. The applicability of predictive equations is validated by the field observation data of Hongyanzi and Gongjiafang cases.

Key words: cataclastic rockslide    motion characteristic    landslide-generated wave in shallow water    maximum near-field wave amplitude    submergence ratio
收稿日期: 2018-10-08 出版日期: 2019-12-17
CLC:  P 642  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479015);重庆市基础科学与前沿技术研究专项资助项目(cstc2017jcyjAX0078)
通讯作者: 王平义     E-mail: linfengyue@126.com;py-wang@163.com
作者简介: 韩林峰(1988—),男,博士后,从事水库滑坡涌浪对航道通航影响机理的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-4721. E-mail: linfengyue@126.com
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引用本文:

韩林峰,王平义,王梅力,刘云. 碎裂岩体滑坡运动特征及近场涌浪变化规律[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(12): 2325-2334.

Lin-feng HAN,Ping-yi WANG,Mei-li WANG,Yun LIU. Motion characteristics of cataclastic rockslides and change rules of impulse waves in near-field zone. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(12): 2325-2334.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.12.009        http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I12/2325

图 1  岩体滑坡形成及演化过程
图 2  岩体滑坡散体化原理图
图 3  三峡库区典型岩体滑坡裂隙间距分布曲线
块体编号 l/cm w/cm s/cm 块体编号 l/cm w/cm s/cm
A1 (D100) 18 12 6 A4 (D40) 6 4 2
A2 (D80) 12 8 4 A5 (D10) 3 2 1
A3 (D60) 9 6 3 ? ? ? ?
表 1  概化模型滑坡刚性块尺寸
图 4  岩质滑坡模型照片
图 5  三维岩质滑坡涌浪模型实验设置
图 6  超声波测波仪及其所记录的波剖面
图 7  岩质滑坡厚度演变过程
图 8  不同断面滑坡厚度随时间变化
图 9  最大滑坡厚度随滑动距离的变化
图 10  无量纲最大滑坡厚度测量值与计算值对比
图 11  岩质滑坡长度演变过程
图 12  滑坡最大长度随滑动距离的变化
图 13  涌浪生成区与浪溅区分布示意图
图 14  岩质滑坡滑入浅水引起的水上堆积
图 15  未完全淹没滑坡入水沉积示意图
滑坡参数 数值 单位
红岩子滑坡 龚家坊滑坡
b 130 194 m
s 10 15 m
l 130 294 m
α 34 53 (°)
h 25 140 m
vm 2.5 11.65 m/s
V 230 000 380 000 m3
R' 70~75 100 %
am 5.8~6.0 31.8 m
表 2  红岩子/龚家坊滑坡参数观测值
图 16  最大近场波幅与水深的关系曲线
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