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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (10): 1966-1976    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.10.014
土木工程     
严寒地区被动房外墙传热系数
金松涛1(),刘畅1,王丽颖1,杨扬2
1. 长春工程学院 建筑与设计学院，吉林 长春 130021
2. 长春工程学院 勘察与测绘工程学院，吉林 长春 130021
Heat transfer coefficient of passive house exterior wall in cold area
Song-tao JIN1(),Chang LIU1,Li-ying WANG1,Yang YANG2
1. School of Architecture and Design, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130021, China
2. College of Exploration and Mapping Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130021, China
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摘要：

为了研究适用于我国严寒地区气候条件的被动房外墙传热系数，从我国严寒地区与德国气候条件的差异性入手，通过ISO和DIN等国际标准对4种不同环境下的外墙内表面热阻、热桥和发霉温度点等方面的理论进行全面介绍并分析. 运用Heat2热桥软件，计算德国被动房外墙设计标准使用在我国严寒地区气候条件时的外墙室内墙角温度. 将计算出的墙角温度与5种不同室内相对湿度环境下的发霉温度点进行对比分析. 计算结果表明，当内墙表面热阻为0.5和1.00（m2·K）/W时，墙角温度都低于发霉温度点以下. 基于我国气候条件，以发霉温度点为基准反向推导出5种不同室内相对湿度环境下的外墙传热系数，提出室内相对湿度为50%时的传热系数为适用于我国严寒地区被动房建筑的外墙传热系数.
关键词： 被动房;  内墙表面热阻;  外墙传热系数;  墙角表面温度;  室内相对湿度;  发霉温度点    
Abstract:

Starting from the differences of climatic conditions between China and Germany, the theories of thermal resistance, thermal bridge and mildewing temperature of exterior walls in four different environments were comprehensively introduced and analyzed by ISO and DIN International standards in order to analyze the heat transfer coefficients of passive exterior walls suitable for the climatic conditions in cold regions of China. Heat2 thermal bridge software was used to calculate the indoor corner temperature of the exterior wall of passive house when the German design standard for exterior wall of passive house was used in the climatic conditions of severe cold regions in China. The calculated wall corner temperature was compared with five mildew temperature points in different indoor relative humidity environments. Results showed that when the thermal resistance of the inner wall surface was 0.5 and 1.00 (m2·K)/W, the corner temperature was below the mildew temperature point. The heat transfer coefficients of the external walls under five different indoor relative humidity environments were deduced by using the mildew temperature point as the benchmark based on the climatic conditions in China. The heat transfer coefficients at 50% indoor relative humidity are the heat transfer coefficients of the external walls suitable for passive buildings in cold regions of China.
Key words: passive house    internal wall surface thermal resistance    external wall heat transfer coefficient    corner surface temperature    indoor relative humidity    moldy temperature point
收稿日期: 2018-10-24 出版日期: 2019-09-30
CLC:  TU 201  
作者简介: 金松涛（1982一），男，博士，硕士生导师，从事建筑节能的研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-5863. E-mail： jinsongtao622@163.com
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引用本文:

金松涛,刘畅,王丽颖,杨扬. 严寒地区被动房外墙传热系数[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2019, 53(10): 1966-1976.

Song-tao JIN,Chang LIU,Li-ying WANG,Yang YANG. Heat transfer coefficient of passive house exterior wall in cold area. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(10): 1966-1976.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.10.014    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2019/V53/I10/1966

图 1  内墙表面热阻不同环境示意图
图 2  室内不同环境对内墙表面温度影响的示意图
图 3  几何形热桥部位热传递示意图
图 4  中国建筑气候区分布图
图 5  Heat2软件温度及热桥计算分析物理模型
参数 数值
室内温度 20 °C
室外最低温度 ?36.3 °C
内墙表面热阻 0.11、0.25、0.5、1 m2·K/W
钢筋混凝土导热系数 1.74 W/（m·K）
EPS保温板导热系数 0.033 W/（m·K）
表 1  环境工况及围护结构热工参数
rh/% θsimold/°C
40 9.3
45 11.0
50 12.6
55 14.1
60 15.4
表 2  不同室内相对湿度的发霉温度点
θ/°C θiw/°C
R1=
0.11 m2·K/W 		R2=
0.25 m2·K/W 		R3=
0.5 m2·K/W 		R4=
1.00 m2·K/W
?36.3 17.90 16.18 13.46 8.44
?36 17.91 16.20 13.50 8.50
?35 17.95 16.27 13.61 8.70
?34 17.99 16.34 13.73 8.91
?33 18.03 16.41 13.85 9.11
?32 18.06 16.48 13.96 9.32
?31 18.10 16.54 14.08 9.52
?30 18.14 16.61 14.19 9.73
?29 18.18 16.68 14.31 9.94
?28 18.21 16.75 14.43 10.14
?27 18.25 16.81 14.54 10.35
?26 18.29 16.88 14.66 10.55
?25 18.32 16.95 14.77 10.76
?24 18.36 17.02 14.89 10.96
?23 18.40 17.09 15.01 11.17
?22 18.44 17.15 15.12 11.37
?21 18.47 17.22 15.24 11.58
?20 18.51 17.29 15.36 11.78
?19 18.55 17.36 15.47 11.99
?18 18.59 17.42 15.59 12.19
?17 18.62 17.49 15.70 12.40
?16 18.66 17.56 15.82 12.61
?15 18.70 17.63 15.94 12.81
?14 18.73 17.70 16.05 13.02
?13 18.77 17.76 16.17 13.22
?12 18.81 17.83 16.28 13.43
?11 18.85 17.90 16.40 13.63
?10 18.88 17.97 16.52 13.84
?9 18.92 18.03 16.63 14.04
?8 18.96 18.10 16.75 14.25
?7 18.99 18.17 16.87 14.45
?6 19.03 18.24 16.98 14.66
?5 19.07 18.31 17.10 14.87
?4 19.11 18.37 17.21 15.07
?3 19.14 18.44 17.33 15.28
?2 19.18 18.51 17.45 15.48
?1 19.22 18.58 17.56 15.69
表 3  外墙传热系数为0.15 W/（m2·K）时不同热阻环境与不同室外温度下的墙角温度
图 6  4种热阻环境时不同室外温度下的墙角温度变化
图 7  内墙表面热阻为0.5 m2·K/W时不同相对湿度与不同室外温度下的外墙传热系数变化
θ/°C U/(W·m?2·K?1)
rh=40% rh=45% rh=50% rh=55% rh=60%
?36.3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.09
?36 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.09
?35 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.10
?34 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.10
?33 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.10
?32 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.10
?31 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11
?30 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.11
?29 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.11
?28 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.11
?27 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12
?26 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12
?25 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12
?24 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13
?23 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13
?22 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13
?21 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14
?20 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14
?19 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?18 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?17 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?12 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?11 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?10 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?9 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?8 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?7 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?6 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?5 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?4 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?1 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
表 4  内墙表面热阻为0.5 m2·K/W时不同相对湿度与不同室外温度下的外墙传热系数
图 8  内墙表面热阻为1.00 m2·K/W时不同相对湿度与不同室外温度下的外墙传热系数变化
θ/°C U/(W·m?2·K?1)
rh=40% rh=45% rh=50% rh=55% rh=60%
?36.3 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.05
?36 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.05
?35 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05
?34 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05
?33 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07 0.05
?32 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05
?31 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05
?30 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.05
?29 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.05
?28 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.06
?27 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.06
?26 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.06
?25 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.06
?24 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.06
?23 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.07
?22 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.07
?21 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.07
?20 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.07
?19 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.07
?18 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.10 0.08
?17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.08
?16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11 0.08
?15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.08
?14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.09
?13 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.09
?12 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.09
?11 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.10
?10 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.10
?9 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.11
?8 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.11
?7 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12
?6 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.12
?5 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13
?4 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13
?3 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14
?2 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
?1 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
表 5  内墙表面热阻为1.00 m2·K/W时不同相对湿度与不同室外温度下的外墙传热系数
U/（W·m?2·K?1） Δx/mm
0.13 245
0.11 290
0.09 360
0.06 540
0.05 650
表 6  不同外墙传热系数下的EPS保温板厚度
θ/°C U/（W·m?2·K?1）
?36.3~?32 0.09
?31~?28 0.10
?27~?24 0.11
?23~?21 0.12
?20~?19 0.13
?18~?16 0.14
?15~?1 0.15
表 7  适用于严寒地区被动房外墙的最低传热系数标准
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