[1] IBI. Standardized product definition and product testing guidelines for biochar that is used in soil[S]. New York:International Biochar Initiative, 2012.
[2] DUKU M H, GU S, HAGAN E B. Biochar production potential in Ghana:a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(8):3539-3551.
[3] VERHEIJEN F, JEFFERY S, BASTOS A C, et al. Biochar application to soils:a critical review of effects on soil properties, processes and functions[M]. Italy:Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, 2010.
[4] PRESTON C M, SCHMIDT M W I. Black (pyrogenic) carbon:a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties with special consideration of boreal regions[J]. Biogeosciences, 2006, 3(4):397-420.
[5] 曹国良, 张小曳, 郑方成, 等. 中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的量的估算[J]. 资源科学, 2006, 28(1):9-13. CAO Guo-liang, ZHANG Xiao-ye, ZHENG Fang-cheng, et al. Estimating the quantity of crop residues burnt open field in china[J]. Resources Science, 2006, 28(1):9-13.
[6] 梁桓, 索全义, 侯建伟, 等. 不同炭化温度下玉米秸秆和沙蒿生物炭的结构特征及化学特性[J]. 土壤, 2015, 47(5):886-891. LIANG Huan, SUO Quan-yi, HOU Jian-wei, et al. The structure and chemical properties of corn straw and Artemisia desertorum derived-biochars produced at different temperatures[J]. Soils, 2015, 47(5):886-891.
[7] 安增莉, 侯艳伟, 蔡超, 等. 水稻秸秆生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(11):1851-1857. AN Zeng-li, HOU Yan-wei, CAI Chao, et al. Adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) by rice straw derived-biochar[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(11):1851-1857.
[8] WU F P, JIA Z K, WANG S G, et al. Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49(5):555-565.
[9] LIU Y X, YANG M, WU Y M, et al. Reducing CH4 and CO2 emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2011, 11(6):930-939.
[10] 陈心想, 何绪生, 耿增超, 等. 生物炭对不同土壤化学性质、小麦和糜子产量的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(20):6534-6542. CHEN Xin-xiang, HE Xu-sheng, GENG Zeng-chao, et al. Effects of biochar on selected soil chemical properties and on wheat and millet yield[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(20):6534-6542.
[11] 兖少锋, 陈瑾, 王丽乔,等. 雷竹落叶生物炭对微囊藻毒素的吸附性能[J]. 环境化学, 2014, 33(4):617-623. YAN Shao-feng, CHEN Jin, WANG Li-qiao, et al. Adsorption of microcystin-LR on the leaves-phyllostachys praecox-derived biochar[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2014, 33(4):617-623.
[12] ZENG Z, ZHANG S D, LI T Q, et al. Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Science B, 2013, 14(12):1152-1161.
[13] 楚颖超. 不同温度裂解椰子生物炭对重金属吸附的研究[D]. 海口:海南大学, 2015. CHU Ying-chao. Adsorption of heavy metals on the biochar derived from pyrolysis of coconut at different temperatures[D]. Haikou:Hainan University, 2015.
[14] 马锋锋, 赵保卫, 刁静茹, 等. 牛粪生物炭对水中氨氮的吸附特性[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(5):1678-1685. MA Feng-feng, ZHAO Bao-wei, DIAO Jing-ru, et al. Ammonium adsorption characteristics in aqueous solution by dairy manure biochar[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(5):1678-1685.
[15] 张鹏, 武健羽, 李力, 等. 猪粪制备的生物炭对西维因的吸附与催化水解作用[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(2):416-421. ZHANG Peng, WU Jian-yu, LI Li, et al. Sorption and catalytic hydrolysis of carbaryl on pig-manure-derived biochars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2012, 31(2):416-421.
[16] 王豆, 郭海艳, 李阳, 等. 蚓粪生物炭制备温度对甲基橙吸附性能的影响[J]. 环境工程学报, 2016, 10(9):5172-5178. WANG Dou, GUO Hai-yan, LI Yang, et al. Effects of pyrolytic temperature on methyl orange adsorption by biochar derived from vermicompost[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2016, 10(9):5172-5178.
[17] PAZ-FERREIRO J, GASCO G, GUTIERREZ B, et al. Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(5):511-517.
[18] RAJKOVICH S, ENDERS A, HANLEY K, et al. Corn growth and nitrogen nutrition after additions of biochars with varying properties to a temperate soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012, 48(3):271-284.
[19] YUAN J H, XU R K, ZHANG H. The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(3):3488-3497.
[20] NOVAK J M, LIMA I, XING B, et al. Characterization of designer biochar produced at different temperatures and their effects on a loamy sand[J]. Annals of Environmental Science, 2009, 3(843):195-206.
[21] BANSAL R C, DONNET J B, STOECKLI F. Active carbon[M]. New York:Marcel Dekker, 1988:158-172.
[22] 陈再明, 方远, 徐义亮. 水稻秸秆生物炭对重金属Pb2+的吸附作用及影响因素[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 32(4):769-776. CHEN Zai-ming, FANG Yuan, XU Yi-liang, et al. Adsorption of Pb2+ by rice straw derived-biochar and its influential factors[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(4):769-776.
[23] BROWN R A, KERCHER A K, NGUYEN T H, et al. Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbents[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 2006, 37(3):321-333.
[24] LEHMANN J, SKJEMSTAD J, SOHI S, et al. Australian climate-carbon cycle feedback reduced by soil black carbon[J]. Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1(12):832-835.
[25] LIANG B, LEHMANN J, SOLOMON D, et al. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(5):1719-1730.
[26] GUO J, LUA A C. Characterization of chars pyrolyzed from oil palm stones for the preparation of activated carbons[J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1998, 46(2):113-125.
[27] EMMERICH F G, LUENGO C A. Babassu charcoal:a sulfurless renewable thermo-reducing feedstock for steelmaking[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 1996, 10(1):41-44.
[28] EMMERICH F G, SOUSA J C, TORRIANI I L, et al. Applications of a granular model and percolation theory to the electrical resistivity of heat treated endocarp of babassu nut[J]. Carbon, 1987, 25(3):417-424.
[29] 岑睿, 屈忠义, 孙贯芳, 等. 秸秆生物炭对黏壤土入渗规律的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2016, 23(6):284-289. CEN Rui, QU Zhong-yi, SUN Guan-fang, et al. Effects of biochar on the physical properties and infiltration of clay loam[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 23(6):284-289.
[30] 田丹. 生物炭对不同质地土壤结构及水力特征参数影响试验研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2013. TIAN Dan. The experimental study of influence of biochar on different texture soils structure and hydraulic characteristic parameters[D]. Huhehaote:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2013.
[31] 颜永毫, 郑纪勇, 张兴昌, 等. 生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(4):120-124. YAN Yong-hao, ZHENG Ji-yong, ZHANG Xing-chang, et al. Impact of biochar addition into typical soils on field capacity in loess plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 27(4):120-124.
[32] 张明月. 生物炭对土壤性质及作物生长的影响研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2012. ZHANG Ming-yue. Effects of biochar on soil properties and crop growth[D]. Taian:Shandong Agricultural University, 2012.
[33] 孟李群. 施用生物炭对杉木人工林生态系统的影响研究[D]. 福州:福建农林大学, 2014. MENG Li-qun. Effect of biochar application on Chinese fir plantation ecosystem[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2014.
[34] OGUNTUNDE P G, ABIODUN B J, AJAYI A E, et al. Effects of charcoal production on soil physical properties in Ghana[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2008, 171(4):591-596.
[35] SUN F F, LU S G. Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore-space properties of clayey soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2014, 177(1):26-33.
[36] KIM J S, SPAROVEK G, LONGO R M, et al. Bacterial diversity of terra preta and pristine forest soil from the Western Amazon[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2007, 39(2):684-690.
[37] SOANE B D. The role of organic matter in soil compactibility:a review of some practical aspects[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 1990, 16(1/2):179-201.
[38] KINNEY T J, MASIELLO C A, DUGAN B, et al. Hydrologic properties of biochars produced at different temperatures[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 41(5):34-43.
[39] SULIMAN W, HARSH J B, ABU-LAIL N I, et al. The role of biochar porosity and surface functionality in augmenting hydrologic properties of a sandy soil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 574:139-147.
[40] 张峥嵘. 生物炭改良土壤物理性质的初步研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2014. ZHAG Zheng-rong. A preliminary study on the effect of biochar on soil physical properties[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2014.
[41] CHAN K Y, ZWIETEN L V, MESZAROS I, et al. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 2007, 45(8):629-634.
[42] HAQUE A, TANG C K, ISLAM S, et al. Biochar sequestration in lime-slag treated synthetic soils:a green approach to ground improvement[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2014, 26(12):06014024.
[43] ZWIETEN L V, KIMBER S, MORRIS S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327(1):235-246.
[44] FELLET G, MARCHIOL L, VEDOVE G D, et al. Application of biochar on mine tailings:effects and perspectives for land reclamation[J]. Chemosphere, 2011, 83(9):1262-1267.
[45] LAIRD D A, FLEMING P, DAVIS D D, et al. Impact of biochar amendments on the quality of a typical Midwestern agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 158(3/4):443-449.
[46] NOVAK J M, BUSSCHERr W J, LAIRD D L, et al. Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil[J]. Soil Science, 2009, 174(2):105-112.
[47] HOSSAIN M K, STREZOV V, CHAN K Y, et al. Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)[J]. Chemosphere, 2010, 78(9):1167-1171.
[48] GLASER B, HAUMAIER L, GUGGENBERGER G, et al. The ‘Terra Preta’ phenomenon:a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2001, 88(1):37-41.
[49] 何绪生, 张树清, 佘雕, 等. 生物炭对土壤肥料的作用及未来研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(15):16-25. HE Xu-sheng, ZHANG Shu-qing, SHE Diao, et al. Effects of biochar on soil and fertilizer and future research[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(15):16-25.
[50] TESSIER A, CAMPBELL P G C, BISSON M. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1979, 51(7):844-851.
[51] 郭素华. 生物炭对铅、锌污染土壤的修复作用[D]. 湘潭:湖南科技大学, 2015. GUO Su-hua. Effect of biochar on lead or zinc contaminated soil[D]. Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology, 2015.
[52] CAO X D, MA L N, GAO B, et al. Dairy-manure derived biochar effectively sorbs lead and atrazine[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2009, 43(9):3285-3291.
[53] 朱庆祥. 生物炭对Pb、Cd污染土壤的修复试验研究[D]. 重庆:重庆大学, 2011. ZHU Qing-xiang. Experimental study on lead and cadmium contaminated soil remediation with biochar[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2011.
[54] EI-SHAFEY E, COX M, PICHUGIN A A, et al. Application of a carbon sorbent for the removal of cadmium and other heavy metal ions from aqueous solution[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2002, 77(77):429-436.
[55] 徐楠楠, 林大松, 徐应明, 等. 玉米秸秆生物炭对Cd2+的吸附特性及影响因素[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2014, 33(5):958-964. XU Nan-nan, LIN Da-song, XU Ying-ming, et al. Adsorption of aquatic Cd2+ by biochar obtained from corn stover[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2014, 33(5):958-964.
[56] 戴静, 刘阳生. 四种原料热解产生的生物炭对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附特性研究[J]. 北京大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 49(6):1075-1082. DAI Jing, LIU Yang-sheng. Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto biochars derived from pyrolysis of four kinds of biomasses[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2013, 49(6):1075-1082.
[57] LU H L, ZHANG W H, YANG Y X, et al. Relative distribution of Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar[J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(3):854-862.
[58] UCHIMIYA M, LIMA I M, KLASSON K T, et al. Immobilization of heavy metal ions (CuⅡ, CdⅡ, NiⅡ, and PbⅡ) by broiler litter-derived biochars in water and soil[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58(9):5538-5544.
[59] LIU Z G, ZHANG F S. Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 167(1-3):933-939.
[60] ZHANG P, SUN H W, YU L, et al. Adsorption and catalytic hydrolysis of carbaryl and atrazine on pig manure-derived biochars:impact of structural properties of biochars[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 244-245(3):217-224.
[61] WANG X L, SATO T, XING B S. Competitive sorption of pyrene on wood chars[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 40(10):3267-3272.
[62] 王岙. 共存污染物对沉积物及其主要组分吸附阿特拉津的影响研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2009. WANG Ao. Studies on effects of the coexisted contaminants on the adsorption characteristics of atrazine onto the surficial sediments and their main components[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2009.
[63] BONIN J L, SIMPSON M J. Variation in phenanthrene sorption coefficients with soil organic matter fractionation:the result of structure or conformation?[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2007, 41(1):153-159.
[64] COMELISSEN G, GUSTAFSSON O. Sorption of phenathrene to environmental black carbon in sediment with and without organic matter and native sorbates[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2004, 38(1):148.
[65] CHIOU C T, PETERS L J, FREED V H. A physical concept of soil-water equilibria for nonionic organic compounds[J]. Science, 1979, 206(4420):831-832.
[66] SONG Y, WANG F, BIAN Y R, et al. Bioavailability assessment of hexachlorobenzene in soil as affected by wheat straw biochar[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 217-218(6):391-397.
[67] 吴晴雯, 孟梁, 张志豪, 等. 芦苇秸秆生物炭对水中菲和1,1-二氯乙烯的吸附特性[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(2):680-688. WU Qing-wen, MENG Liang, ZHANG Zhi-hao, et al. Sorption characteristics of phenanthrene and 1, 1-dichloroethene onto reed straw biochar in aquatic solutions[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(2):680-688.
[68] 王子莹, 邱梦怡, 杨妍, 等. 不同生物炭吸附乙草胺的特征及机理[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(1):93-100. WANG Zi-ying, QIU Meng-yi, YANG Yan, et al. Sorption of acetochlor by biochars derived from wood dust and swine manure at different pyrolytic temperatures[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(1):93-100.
[69] TRYON E H. Effect of charcoal on certain physical, chemical, and biological properties of forest soils[J]. Ecological Monographs, 1948, 18(1):81-115.
[70] 田丹, 屈忠义, 勾芒芒, 等. 生物炭对不同质地土壤水分扩散率的影响及机理分析[J]. 土壤通报, 2013, 44(6):1374-1378. TIAN Dan, QU Zhong-yi, GOU Mang-mang, et al. Influence and mechanism analysis of biochar on water diffusivity of different soil textures[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(6):1374-1378.
[71] 杨铁钊, 杨志晓, 林娟, 等. 不同烤烟基因型根际钾营养和根系特性研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2009, 46(4):646-651. YANG Tie-zhao, YANG Zhi-xiao, LIN Juan, et al. K nutrition in rhizosphere and characteristics of roots of flue-cured tobaccos different in genotype[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(4):646-651.
[72] 田丹, 屈忠义, 李波, 等. 生物炭对砂土水力特征参数及持水特性影响试验研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2013, 32(3):135-137. TIAN Dan, QU Zhong-yi, LI Bo, et al. Influence of biochar on sandy soil hydraulic characteristic parameters and moisture holding properties[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2013, 32(3):135-137.
[73] 王丹丹, 郑纪勇, 颜永毫, 等. 生物炭对宁南山区土壤持水性能影响的定位研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2013, 27(2):101-104. WANG Dan-dan, ZHENG Ji-yong, YAN Yong-hao, et al. Effect of biochar application on soil water holding capacity in the southern region of Ningxia[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013, 27(2):101-104.
[74] DUGAN E, VERHOEF A, ROBINSON S, et al. Biochar from sawdust, maize stover and charcoal:Impact on water holding capacities (WHC) of three soils from Ghana[C]//19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World. Brisbane, Australia:[s. n.], 2010.
[75] 高海英, 何绪生, 耿增超, 等. 生物炭及炭基氮肥对土壤持水性能影响的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(24):207-213. GAO Hai-ying, HE Xu-sheng, GENG Zeng-chao, et al. Effects of biochar and biochar-based nitrogen fertilizer on soil water-holding capacity[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(24):207-213.
[76] LEHMANN J, JOSEPH S. Biochar for environmental management:an introduction[M]. London:Earthscan, 2009:1-12.
[77] 齐瑞鹏, 张磊, 颜永毫, 等. 定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(8):2281-2288. QI Rui-peng, ZHANG Lei, YAN Yong-hao, et al. Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(8):2281-2288.
[78] 赵迪, 黄爽, 黄介生. 生物炭对粉黏壤土水力参数及胀缩性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(17):136-143. ZHAO Di, HUANG Shuang, HUANG Jie-sheng. Effects of biochar on hydraulic parameters and shrinkage-swelling rate of silty clay[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(17):136-143.
[79] 文曼, 郑纪勇. 生物炭不同粒径及不同添加量对土壤收缩特征的影响[J]. 水土保持研究, 2012, 19(1):46-50. WEN Man, ZHENG Ji-yong. Effects of different sizes of biochar and their additiont rates on soil shrinkage characteristics[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 19(1):46-50. |