杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量比较分析

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.031

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 168-176 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.031

园艺学

杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量比较分析

沈国正(

),刘辉,张琛(

),郗笃隽,裴嘉博,黄康康

杭州市农业科学研究院园艺研究所，杭州 310024

Comparison and analyzation on the floral organ development and quality of three sweet cherry cultivars in Hangzhou and Tai’an areas

Guozheng SHEN(

),Hui LIU,Chen ZHANG(

),Dujun XI,Jiabo PEI,Kangkang HUANG

Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

全文: PDF(3275 KB) HTML

摘要：

为揭示杭州地区甜樱桃坐果率低的原因，以每年均有一定坐果率但不稳定、低温需冷量不同的3个代表性4年生甜樱桃品种为试验材料，研究对比同一甜樱桃品种分别在杭州和泰安两地区雌雄配子体的发育状况、花器官发育质量及花粉质量。结果表明：杭州地区甜樱桃雄配子体在发育过程中有较高比例的空花粉囊，造成花粉量较少，其发育过程中的退化、降解以及多种发育异常类型造成后期雄配子体的败育；雌配子体发育成有胚珠无胚囊类型的比例较高，造成雌配子体的败育；杭州地区甜樱桃花粉质量低于泰安地区。说明杭州地区甜樱桃花器官发育质量较差，雌雄配子体发育过程中的异常导致其败育，是杭州地区甜樱桃坐果率低的重要原因。

关键词： 甜樱桃; 花器官; 发育质量; 杭州

Abstract:

In order to reveal the reasons for the low fruit setting rate of sweet cherry in Hangzhou area, taking three representative four-year-old sweet cherry cultivars with a certain fruit setting rate but instability and different chilling requirement in Hangzhou and Tai’an areas as the experimental materials, we studied and compared the development of female and male gametophytes, quality of floral organ and pollen in the same cultivar. The result revealed that there was a high proportion of empty pollen sac in the male gametophyte, which could result in less pollen quantity. In addition, the degradation and various abnormal types of male gametophyte led to its abortion. There was also a high proportion of ovule without embryo sac, which could cause female gametophyte abortion during the development of female gametophyte. The pollen quality was poorer in Hangzhou than in Tai’an. It is suggested that the abnormal development of male and female gametophytes could be the main reasons for very low fruit setting rate of sweet cherry in Hangzhou area.

Key words: sweet cherry floral organ development quality Hangzhou

收稿日期: 2019-06-03 出版日期: 2020-05-22

CLC:

S 662.5

基金资助: 杭州市科学技术委员会重大自主设计项目(20180416A01)

通讯作者: 张琛 E-mail: sgz@hz.cn;tt.hang@163.com

作者简介: 沈国正（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-9138），E-mail：sgz@hz.cn

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引用本文:

沈国正,刘辉,张琛,郗笃隽,裴嘉博,黄康康. 杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量比较分析[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(2): 168-176.

Guozheng SHEN,Hui LIU,Chen ZHANG,Dujun XI,Jiabo PEI,Kangkang HUANG. Comparison and analyzation on the floral organ development and quality of three sweet cherry cultivars in Hangzhou and Tai’an areas. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(2): 168-176.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.031 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/168

表1 2017年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育阶段物候期调查结果

表2 2018年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育阶段物候期调查结果

图1 杭州地区甜樱桃雄配子体的异常发育类型A～B.空花粉囊或花粉较少的花粉囊；C～D.退化、降解的单核及二核细胞时期；E.二核细胞时期的异常发育类型；F.泰安地区正常花粉粒。

图2 杭州地区甜樱桃雌配子体的异常发育类型A.无胚珠发育类型；B.有胚珠无胚囊类型；C.其中一个无胚囊发育的双雌蕊；D～E.胚珠退化；F.发育异常的大孢子母细胞。

表3 2017年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量调查

表4 2018年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花器官发育质量调查

图3 杭州地区甜樱桃花期异常观察A.雌蕊化的雄蕊；B.伸出花苞之外的雌蕊；C.无花柱且子房退化的雌蕊；D.花柱极短或无柱头的雌蕊；E.多雌蕊。

表5 2017年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花粉质量测定结果

表6 2018年度杭州和泰安地区3个甜樱桃品种花粉质量测定结果

图4 2017年度杭州和泰安地区甜樱桃花期最高温度与最低温度

图5 2018年度杭州和泰安地区甜樱桃花期最高温度与最低温度

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