|
|
|
| Legislation to Protect Intangible Cultural Heritage Product with Geographical Indication |
| Yang Xiao, Tian Yan |
| School of Law, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) encapsulates the unique historical memories, spiritual values, thought processes, and imaginative powers of the Chinese nation, serving as a pivotal expression of its traditional culture. Concurrently, Geographical Indications (GIs) function as vital markers of cultural heritage within specific regions, and are integral to the framework of intellectual property rights. Both ICH and GIs share attributes such as collective public rights, regional specificity, and indefinite continuity. These features not only encapsulate the distinctive values of ICH across various regions but also stand as crucial carriers of China’s exemplary traditional culture. This provides a conducive environment across natural, social, and organizational dimensions for the legislative protection of “ICH GI products”. However, the protection legislation and its practice for ICH GI products encounter various challenges, including issues related to the overlap and integration of GIs with ICH attributes, the scope of protection, and conflicts with trademarks. These challenges may impact the effectiveness of the protection granted to ICH GI products.Drawing inspiration from the European Union’s approach and leveraging experiences from its establishment of international frameworks for GI registration and protection (such as the Lisbon System), this approach includes recognizing specific GIs, fostering cultural heritage in agriculture, crafts, and industry, ensuring consumer access to reliable information related to these products, and setting up specialized protection legislation for craft products. In response, China has initially included a dedicated chapter in the “Geographical Indications Regulations” that not only adopts GI protection for traditional crafts but also preserves the associated cultural elements. Furthermore, a distinct administrative regulation for traditional crafts GIs has been created, focusing on addressing the practical challenges faced by traditional crafts and GIs development. This regulation standardizes procedures such as applications and protection, thus providing a systematic support framework for traditional crafts to pursue GI protection pathways. Lastly, under the guiding principle of “coordinated regional development”, enhanced collaboration among various ICH entities at different levels is promoted, alongside maximizing the roles of ICH industry associations. This implementation of cross-level and cross-regional collaborations on traditional craft projects and joint GI applications effectively enhances the protection of ICH GI products.In conclusion, ICH GI products, by virtue of their inherent characteristics related to natural conditions, social contexts, and organizational structures, embody a synergistic blend of ICH and GIs, creating a coherent and rational method of protection. Despite the presence of controversies, this method has emerged as a significant pathway for protection in practice. This research on the legislative protection of ICH GI products, focusing on background, foundational conditions, challenges, best practices, and solutions, ultimately aims at achieving legal protection and judicious use of intangible cultural heritage resources. This endeavor not only aligns with the imperative of preserving China’s distinguished traditional culture but also supports the enrichment of global cultural diversity.
|
|
Received: 02 November 2024
|
|
|
|
1 杨永：《非物质文化遗产的地理标志保护研究》，《文化遗产》2020年第5期，第24-34页。
2 张磊：《非物质文化遗产地理标志保护略论》，《理论学刊》2011年第2期，第111-113页。
3 严永和：《论我国少数民族非物质文化遗产知识产权保护之制度构建》，《文化遗产》2013年第4期，第1-8，157页。
4 罗宗奎：《从文化遗产到地标产品：非遗地标化之理论可行性、条件和路径》，《文化遗产》2022年第6期，第51-61页。
5 李艳军：《利用地理标志权对茶叶制作类非物质文化遗产的保护——以五峰土家族自治县省级“非遗”采花毛尖制作工艺为视角》，《湖北民族学院学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第6期，第48-53页。
6 顾芮：《论地理标志保护模式的选择对地域文化的影响》，《文化产业研究》2022年第2期，第367-387页。
7 钟莲：《我国地理标志保护规则困境及体系协调路径研究》，《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第1期，第84-92页。
8 张今：《地理标志的国际保护及我国保护中存在的问题》，《中国知识产权报》2002年5月22日，第3版。
9 王笑冰：《关联性要素与地理标志法的构造》，《法学研究》2015年第3期，第82-101页。
10 Calboli I. ＆ Ng-Loy W. L. （eds.）， Geographical Indications at the Crossroads of Trade， Development， and Culture， London： Cambridge University Press， 2017.
11 赵小平、石小丽：《传统知识的地理标志保护探析》，见国家知识产权局条法司编：《专利法研究（2018）》，北京：知识产权出版社，2020年，第77-92页。
12 吕国强、吴登楼：《我国地理标志法律制度的完善》，《法学》2006年第１期，第154-160页。
13 《原产地名称和地理标志里斯本协定日内瓦文本》，https：//ipr.mofcom.gov.cn/zhuanti/law/conventions/wipo/2/Lisbon_Agreement_Geneva/Lisbon_Agreement_right.html，2024年11月1日。
14 张兆林：《非物质文化遗产领域的行业协会研究》，《美术观察》2015年第4期，第112-117页。 |
|
|
|
2025, Vol. 55 
