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浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2025, Vol. 55 Issue (3): 5-26    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.06.121
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新型农业经营主体能推动农户绿色生产吗?——以化学投入品减量为例
梁巧, 马康伟
浙江大学 中国农村发展研究院,浙江 杭州 310058
Can New Agricultural Operating Entities Promote Farmers’ Green Production? Based on the Reduction of Agricultural Chemical Inputs
Liang Qiao, Ma Kangwei
China Academy for Rural Development, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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摘要 新型农业经营主体是推动农户绿色生产的重要组织载体。研究表明:其一,新型农业经营主体能够显著降低农户化肥使用强度,一定程度上能够推动农户绿色生产,但对农户农药和农膜使用强度没有显著影响,其对农户绿色生产的促进效应具有局限性。其二,新型农业经营主体能够通过信息服务、农机服务和销售服务促进农户绿色生产,但技术服务没有发挥显著作用。其三,新型农业经营主体对农户绿色生产的促进效应在不同类型主体之间和不同特征农户之间均表现出异质性。其四,在有新型农业经营主体的村庄中,化学投入品减量的农户能够获得更高的经济效益,而在无新型农业经营主体的村庄中,化学投入品减量则会降低农地生产率。因此,应继续培育和发展新型农业经营主体、增强新型农业经营主体为农户所提供服务的多样性和对不同特征农户的包容性。
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梁巧
马康伟
关键词 新型农业经营主体绿色生产农户农业服务    
Abstract:Given the growing constraints of resources and environment in China, coupled with unprecedented emphases on food security and quality safety, it is of great significance to explore whether and how new agricultural operating entities can promote farmers’ green production. This article provides a comprehensive analysis on the influence and mechanisms of new agricultural operating entities on farmers’ green production, based on empirical tests by using panel fixed effect model and difference-in-differences model. The empirical analysis draws on data from Zhejiang University’s China Family Database (2017 and 2019), with a sample of 609 villages and 5,836 farmer households from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) nationwide, which makes the sample representative of the whole country.This research has the following contributions. First, it comprehensively analyzes and compares the effects of different types of new agricultural operating entities—family farms, farmer cooperatives, and agricultural companies—on the green production practices of farmers.Second, it explores the influence of the new agricultural operating entities on the green production of common farmers within the village, rather than focusing on the directly linked farmers of the entities.Third, it examines whether the positive effects of new agricultural operating entities on farmers’ green production are achieved at the expense of farmers’ economic benefits, and based on this, discusses the sustainability of these effects.Finally, unlike most studies using cross-sectional data from surveys conducted in some specific areas, this article uses panel data from nationwide surveys and applies both panel fixed effect model and difference-in-differences model to analyze the effects of new agricultural operating entities on farmers’ green production. This approach effectively addresses endogenous bias in econometric estimations and improves the reliability of the research findings.The results show that new agricultural operating entities significantly reduce farmers’ use of chemical fertilizers, thus promoting their green production to some extent, but they have no significant influence on farmers’ use of pesticides and agricultural films. This implies that the effects of new agricultural operating entities on farmers’ green production are subject to certain limitations. Various robustness tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the results.The mechanism analysis reveals that new agricultural operating entities can promote farmers’ green production through the provision of information services, agricultural machinery services, and market sales services. However, technical services do not play a significant role in farmers’ green production. This may be because the technical services provided generally target at outputs and productivity lift rather than environmental sustainability.The heterogeneity analysis shows that, among various types of new agricultural entities, cooperatives play a pivotal role in promoting farmers’ green production, while family farms and agricultural companies do not display significant influence. New agricultural operating entities exert larger effects on farmers with smaller farmland, no off-farm employment, and with land property rights certificates.Finally, this study finds that in villages with new agricultural operating entities, farmers with fewer chemical inputs achieve greater economic benefits, while in villages without such entities, reductions in chemical inputs have negative effects on farmland productivity. This suggests that in villages with new agricultural operating entities, farmers are able to reduce chemical inputs while improving economic outcomes.Based on these findings, this article proposes policy implications such as providing support to cultivate and develop new agricultural operating entities, enhancing the diversity of services provided by these entities and improving their inclusiveness toward farmers with different characteristics.
Key wordsnew agricultural operating entities    green production    farmers    agricultural services   
收稿日期: 2024-06-12     
基金资助:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(S20240150);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(72161147001);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目(2024JZDZ061);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(222JJD790078);CGIAR全球低碳食物系统重大科学项目(Mitigate+)
作者简介: 1.梁巧(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7473-7863),女,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院、公共管理学院教授,博士生导师,管理学博士,主要从事农业产业与组织、农产品供应链与食品安全研究;2;马康伟(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-2630)(通信作者),男,浙江大学中国农村发展研究院博士研究生,主要从事农业产业与组织研究;
引用本文:   
梁巧, 马康伟. 新型农业经营主体能推动农户绿色生产吗?——以化学投入品减量为例[J]. 浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2025, 55(3): 5-26. Liang Qiao, Ma Kangwei. Can New Agricultural Operating Entities Promote Farmers’ Green Production? Based on the Reduction of Agricultural Chemical Inputs. JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY, 2025, 55(3): 5-26.
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https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-942X.CN33-6000/C.2024.06.121     或     https://www.zjujournals.com/soc/CN/Y2025/V55/I3/5
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