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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2024, Vol. 51 Issue (2): 247-260    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2024.02.013
旅游学     
森林度假活动与人格特质对参与者行为意图的影响
蒋怡斌(),李英()
辽宁大学经济学部 商学院,辽宁 沈阳 110136
Effects of forest vacation activities and personality traits on behavioral intention
Yibin JIANG(),Ying LI()
School of Business,Faculty of Economics,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110136,China
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摘要:

以森林康养为实验组、森林旅游为对照组进行准自然实验,分析了不同森林度假活动与人格特质类别对被试行为意图的影响,结果发现:(1)2组森林度假活动参与者人格特质分为心理弹性型、过度控制型和情绪型3类;(2)不同人格特质类别群体之间的行为意图提升存在显著差异,且整体呈现心理弹性型>过度控制型>情绪型的特征;(3)在2组森林度假活动和3种人格特质的交互作用下,行为意图受人格特质与森林度假活动协同影响。在理论层面拓展了森林康养者行为意图的主体影响因素研究,在实践层面有助于深化森林康养产品开发,为合理安排体验内容提供实证依据。

关键词: 森林康养森林旅游人格特质潜在类别行为意图广义估计方程    
Abstract:

In this study, we analyzed the differences in the effects of different forest vacation activities and personality traits on participants' behavioral intentions through two quasi-natural experiments (experimental group-forest therapy and control group-forest tourism), and found that:(1) personality traits of participants in two groups of forest vacation activities were categorized as resilient, overcontroler, and emotional;(2) there were significant differences in the results of behavioral intentions among the different class of personality traits, and the overall distribution of resilient > overcontroler > emotional type groups was shown; (3) under the interaction effect of the two groups of forest vacation activities and the three personality traits, the results showed that the behavioral intention was influenced by both the class of personality traits and the forest vacation activities synergistic effects. The findings of this study expand the study of the subjective influences on behavioral intentions of forest therapists at the theoretical level, and at the practical level, they help to deepen the forest therapy products and provide empirical evidence for the rational arrangement of experiential contents.

Key words: forest therapy    forest tourism    latent class personality    behavioral intention    generalized estimating equation
收稿日期: 2022-11-21 出版日期: 2024-03-08
CLC:  F 590.7  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973057)
通讯作者: 李英     E-mail: j2602753030@163.com;liying@lnu.edu.cn
作者简介: 蒋怡斌(1995—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4223-1523,男,博士研究生,主要从事森林康养与旅游者行为研究,E-mail:j2602753030@163.com.
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引用本文:

蒋怡斌,李英. 森林度假活动与人格特质对参与者行为意图的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2024, 51(2): 247-260.

Yibin JIANG,Ying LI. Effects of forest vacation activities and personality traits on behavioral intention. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2024, 51(2): 247-260.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2024.02.013        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2024/V51/I2/247

图1  实验场地位置示意
日期时间项目地点

实验前

(2019年10月4日)

17:00—17:30听取实验程序介绍,签署知情同意书等候室
17:40—18:10填写体验前问卷等候室

实验第1日

(2019年10月5日)

7:00—10:30前往景区途中
10:40—11:40森林漫步与观光37-8森林
12:00—12:30午饭餐厅
12:40—13:30午休宾馆
13:40—14:50森林漫步与观光37-8森林
15:00—16:50回春保健操7-8森林
17:00—17:40森林冥想训练37-8森林
18:00—18:40晚饭餐厅
19:00—19:40有氧运动课程7-8会议室
20:00自由休息宾馆

实验第2日

(2019年10月6日)

8:00—8:30早饭餐厅
8:40—10:40森林漫步与观光37-8森林
11:00—11:40瑜伽锻炼8森林
12:00—12:30午饭餐厅
12:40—13:30午休宾馆
13:40—14:50森林漫步与观光37-8森林
15:00—16:50太极操锻炼8森林
17:00—17:40森林冥想训练37-8森林
18:00—18:40晚饭餐厅
19:00—19:40心理健康知识课程7-8会议室
20:00自由休息宾馆

实验第3日

(2019年10月7日)

8:00—8:30早饭餐厅
8:40—10:40森林漫步与观光37-8森林
11:00—11:40瑜伽锻炼8森林
12:00—12:30午饭餐厅
12:40—13:30午休宾馆
13:40—17:10返回途中
17:40—18:10填写体验后问卷等候室
表1  实验组行程安排
组别内容形式
相同点差异体验(被试)组织(组织者)
相同点差异相同点差异
实验组五感体验,配合浅层森林观光(森林漫步和静态观赏)结合体系化的康养项目(精神冥想、运动锻炼、康养认知课程等)全程伴随自我对身心状态的主动调整(自我干预)在康养师的指导下接受各种项目干预(有外在干预)在体验过程中被试在特定时间被安排在同一空间参与特定活动
对照组以无规律的游憩活动(徒步登山、驻足戏水、野营休憩等)为主

体验完全自主,无任何人为指导

(无外在干预)

在体验过程中活动参与的时间空间完全由被试自行安排
表2  2组森林活动的刺激场景对比
变量类别人数(占比/%)

实验组

n=24)

对照组

n=36)

性别13(54.2)21(58.3)
11(45.8)15(14.7)
年龄25岁以下2(8.3)2(5.6)
25~44岁0(0.0)15(41.7)
45~54岁8(33.3)15(41.7)
55~64岁9(37.5)2(5.6)
65岁以上5(20.8)2(5.6)
收入2 000元及以下3(12.5)2(5.6)
2 001~5 000元9(37.5)15(41.7)
5 001~8 000元6(25.0)9(25.0)
8 001~10 000元5(20.8)8(22.2)
10 001元及以上1(4.2)2(5.6)

受教育

程度

初中及以下2(8.3)2(5.6)
高中/中专5(20.8)8(22.2)
大专/本科10(41.7)22(61.1)
研究生及以上7(29.2)4(11.1)
表3  2组被试人口统计学特征
类别数KAICBICaBICLMRBLRT熵值类别概率
1753 182.1203 339.2003 103.300----
21512 877.4203 329.6602 718.7290.400**0.9900.47/0.53
32272 844.7103 320.1202 606.1500.760**0.9920.27/0.42/0.32
43032 918.0933 552.6792 599.6640.7700.1800.9940.28/0.22/0.27/0.23
53792 956.4513 750.2082 558.1530.7600.0700.9940.18/0.13/0.35/0.27/0.07
表4  潜在类别分析拟合结果(n=60)
图2  人格特质潜在类别
变量变量类型赋值情况
自变量森林度假活动二分类变量森林康养(实验组)=1,森林旅游(对照组)=0
人格特质类别多分类变量心理弹性型=1,过度控制型=2,情绪型=3
性别二分类变量男=1,女=0
年龄有序多分类变量

25岁以下=1,25~44岁=2,45~54岁=3,55~64岁=4,

65岁及以上=5

收入有序多分类变量

2000元及以下=1,2001-5000元=2,5001-8000元=3,

8001-10000元=4,10001元以上=5

受教育程度有序多分类变量初中及以下=1,高中/中专=2,大专/本科=3,研究生及以上=4
因变量行为意图二分类变量有意愿=1(同意和非常同意为1),无意愿=0(其他均为0)
表5  变量赋值情况
参照组变量BSEΖΡOR95% CI
性别(女=0)男=1-0.3300.627-0.5250.5990.7190.210~2.459

年龄

(25岁以下=1)

65岁及以上=5-0.2371.721-0.1380.8910.7890.027~23.004
55~64岁=41.9201.6171.1870.2356.8220.287~162.427
45~54岁=32.0321.5401.3190.1877.6270.373~156.101
25~44岁=22.1411.6841.2710.2048.5050.313~230.751

收入

(2 000元及以下=1)

10 001元以上=53.4790.4967.0110.000***7.7252.507~7.452
8 001~10 000元=40.3031.2570.2410.8101.3540.115~15.920
5 001~8 000元=3-0.9001.199-0.7500.4530.4070.039~4.267
2 001~5 000元=2-0.3901.152-0.3390.7350.6770.071~6.471

受教育程度

(初中及以下=1)

研究生及以上=41.2301.1341.0850.2783.4210.371~31.574
大专/本科=31.4100.8831.5970.1104.0970.726~23.125
高中/中专=22.5250.9182.7490.42612.4852.064~75.535

森林度假活动

(森林旅游=0)

森林康养=11.8300.8062.2710.022**6.2331.284~30.242

人格特质类别

(心理弹性型=1)

情绪型=3-2.1920.873-2.5120.012**0.1120.020~0.618
过度控制型=2-0.8080.734-1.1000.049**0.4460.106~0.881
表6  行为意图影响因素的GEE分析结果
森林度假活动与人格特质类别平均差异标准误P95% CI
下限上限
[FT]*[P1][FT]*[P2]0.3000.1050.004**0.0900.510
[FT]*[P3]0.3500.1140.002**0.1200.570
[FV]*[P1]0.2300.1040.025**0.0300.440
[FV]*[P2]0.3300.1020.001**0.1300.530
[FV]*[P3]0.9200.0760.000***0.7701.070
[FT]*[P2][FT]*[P3]0.0500.1550.766-0.2600.350
[FV]*[P1]-0.0700.1480.652-0.3600.220
[FV]*[P2]0.0300.1460.820-0.2500.320
[FV]*[P3]0.6200.1300.000***0.3600.870
[FT]*[P3][FV]*[P1]-0.1100.1540.464-0.4200.190
[FV]*[P2]-0.0100.1530.933-0.3100.290
[FV]*[P3]0.5700.1370.000***0.3000.840
[FV]*[P1][FV]*[P2]0.1000.1460.492-0.1900.390
[FV]*[P3]0.6800.1290.000***0.4300.940
[FV]*[P2][FV]*[P3]0.5800.1270.000***0.3300.830
表7  森林度假活动与人格特质类别的交互效应成对比较(因变量为行为意图)
  
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