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浙江大学学报(理学版)  2023, Vol. 50 Issue (5): 639-650    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.05.015
旅游学     
生计类型视角下城郊乡村旅游地农户土地多功能利用评价及其差异分析
罗文斌1(),丁德孝2,楚雪莲1,高云红1,刘阳杰1
1.湖南师范大学 旅游学院,湖南 长沙 410081
2.中南大学 交通运输工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
Evaluation and difference analysis of multi-functional land use of farmers in suburban tourism areas from the perspective of livelihood types
Wenbin LUO1(),Dexiao DING2,Xuelian CHU1,Yunhong GAO1,Yangjie LIU1
1.College of Tourism,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China
2.School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China
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摘要:

不同生计类型视角下的土地多功能利用水平与差异研究是深入推进旅游与土地融合发展,协调城郊旅游发展用地矛盾的重要途径。以长沙城郊乡村旅游地为研究区域,基于参与式农村评估、熵权法、区位熵等方法,探究城郊乡村旅游地不同生计类型农户土地多功能利用水平、优势度及其差异性特征。结果表明:(1)不同生计类型农户土地多功能利用水平存在差异。非旅型土地经济功能、生态功能水平最高,旅专型社会功能水平最高。(2)不同生计类型农户土地多功能利用内部功能权衡协同分异显著。非旅型经济功能与社会功能的权衡冲突最明显。兼旅型、旅兼型经济功能与生态功能的权衡冲突最明显。旅专型土地功能内部权衡冲突最小,协同性最优。(3)不同生计类型农户土地利用优势功能具有显著差异,且与土地利用主导用途及功能需求有关。非旅型以资源供给功能为主导(1.69),兼旅型以经济发展功能为主导(1.19),旅兼型以生态涵养功能为主导(1.06),旅专型以社会保障功能为主导(2.05)。同时,针对引导城郊乡村旅游地农户土地多功能利用模式向旅专型发展,以及不同生计类型农户土地利用功能互补和协同发展,提出了具体的政策建议。

关键词: 城郊乡村旅游地土地多功能利用旅游生计类型差异性分析    
Abstract:

Studying the level and difference of multi-functional land use from the perspective of different livelihood types is an important way to further promote the integrated development of tourism and land and coordinate the contradiction of land use for peri-urban tourism development. Taking Changsha peri-urban rural tourism destination for case study, based on participatory rural appraisal (PRA), the entropy weight method (EWM), location entropy(LE) ,etc., this paper explores the level of multifunctional land use, dominance and difference characteristics of different livelihood types of farmers in the area of suburban rural tourism destination. The results are as follows: (1) There are significant differences in the level of multifunctional land use for different types of farmers. The level of economic function and ecological function of land use for non-tourism type (NTT) farmers is the highest, and the level of social function of land use for tourism monopoly type(TMT) farmers is the highest. However, the land economic development level and the social security level of NTT farmers is seriously insufficient. (2) Different types of farmers' multifunctional land use have significant difference in synergy and trade-offs of internal function. For NTT: the trade-off conflict between economic function and social function of their land use is the most obvious. For part-time tourism type (PTT),tourism part-time type (TPT): the trade-off conflict between economic function and ecological function of their land use is the most obvious. For TMT: the internal trade-off conflict of tourism land function of their land use is the smallest and the synergy is the best. (3) The dominant functions of land use for different types of farmers are significantly different, which is related to the dominant uses and functional needs of land use. NTT is dominated by resource supply function (1.69), PTT is dominated by economic development function (1.19), TPT is dominated by ecological conservation function (1.06), and TMT is dominated by social security function (2.05). At the end, the paper puts forward specific policy suggestions on the transformation of farmers' multi-functional land use to TMT model and the complementary and coordinated development of land use functions of different livelihood types.

Key words: peri-urban rural tourism destination    multifunctional land use    tourism livelihood    difference analysis
收稿日期: 2022-10-31 出版日期: 2023-09-16
CLC:  F 529  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41301629);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30449);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(22A0053)
作者简介: 罗文斌(1982—),ORCID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-5143,男,博士研究生,教授,主要从事乡村旅游与土地利用、乡村振兴研究,E-mail:sdlwb@hunnu.edu.cn.
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引用本文:

罗文斌, 丁德孝, 楚雪莲, 高云红, 刘阳杰. 生计类型视角下城郊乡村旅游地农户土地多功能利用评价及其差异分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(理学版), 2023, 50(5): 639-650.

Wenbin LUO, Dexiao DING, Xuelian CHU, Yunhong GAO, Yangjie LIU. Evaluation and difference analysis of multi-functional land use of farmers in suburban tourism areas from the perspective of livelihood types. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 2023, 50(5): 639-650.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2023.05.015        https://www.zjujournals.com/sci/CN/Y2023/V50/I5/639

图1  乡村旅游农户土地多功能利用的演变与异质
一级功能二级功能评价指标指标说明影响
经济功能

农业生产功能

(0.167 4)

土地垦殖率(0.045 8)耕地面积/家庭土地总面积
农林牧渔产值水平(0.121 6)农林牧渔/家庭总收入

经济发展功能

(0.065 6)

第二、三产业产值水平(0.006 3)第二、三产业产值/农户家庭总收入
经济密度(0.059 3)家庭总收入/家庭土地总面积
生态功能

资源供给功能

(0.401 1)

人均耕地面积(0.124 8)耕地面积/家庭常住人口
人均禽畜产品占有量(0.276 3)禽畜产品产量/家庭常住人口

环境净化功能

(0.004 4)

单位耕地化肥施用量(0.003 2)化肥施用量/耕地面积-
单位耕地农药施用量(0.001 2)农药施用量/耕地面积-

生态涵养功能

(0.010 9)

生态用地比例(0.010 6)生态用地面积/家庭土地总面积
水土流失率(0.000 3)水土流失面积/家庭土地总面积-
社会功能

就业支持功能

(0.067 3)

农村从业人员占比(0.011 2)农村从业人员/家庭从业人员总数
从业人口密度(0.056 1)总从业人数/家庭土地总面积

社会保障功能

(0.112 4)

农户家庭恩格尔系数(0.001 0)居民家庭食物支出/家庭总支出-
农户家庭人均纯收入(0.111 4)农户家庭纯收入/家庭总人口数

居住家园功能

(0.027 0)

常住人口密度(0.010 0)家庭常住人口/家庭总人口数
农户家庭人均住房面积(0.017 0)农户住房总面积/家庭总人口数

文化休闲功能

(0.143 9)

院坝用地面积占比(0.018 2)农户院坝用地面积/宅基地面积
建设用地绿化覆盖率(0.125 7)建设用地绿化面积/宅基地面积
表1  农户土地多功能利用评价指标体系及权重
生计类型旅游收入占比/%户数占比/%生计模式
非旅型012836单纯从事农业生计活动或非旅游类型的非农生计活动
兼旅型<509828以从事农业生计或非旅非农生计活动主导,兼以旅游生计活动为辅助
旅兼型[50,80)5616以从事旅游生计活动为主导,兼以农业生计或非旅非农生计活动辅助
旅专型≥807220单纯从事旅游生计活动,家庭生计来源完全依赖旅游生计活动
表2  不同旅游收入所占比重下的农户生计类型
生计类型经济功能生态功能社会功能
非旅型0.006 50.006 40.002 4
兼旅型0.003 90.001 70.003 1
旅兼型0.005 40.001 80.003 0
旅专型0.005 10.005 30.004 5
生计类型

农业生产

功能

经济发展

功能

资源供给

功能

环境净化

功能

生态涵养

功能

就业支持

功能

社会保障

功能

居住家园

功能

文化休闲

功能

非旅型0.035 50.009 00.015 60.004 20.008 00.010 60.002 60.009 50.007 8
兼旅型0.018 20.012 70.004 00.004 10.006 20.013 50.002 30.011 60.011 2
旅兼型0.028 30.010 40.004 30.004 10.008 10.011 90.002 90.011 30.011 2
旅专型0.025 40.012 10.012 90.003 70.007 50.014 00.008 30.009 60.016 6
生计类型农林牧渔产值水平

土地

垦殖

第二、三产业产值

水平

经济

密度

人均

耕地

面积

人均

禽畜

产量

单位耕地化肥施用量单位耕地农药施用量

生态

用地

比例

水土

流失

农村从业人员占比

从业

人口

密度

农户家庭恩格尔系数农户家庭人均纯收入

常住

人口

密度

农户家

庭人均

住房面积

院坝用地面积占比

建设用

地绿化

面积占比

非旅

0.175 30.309 30.819 50.064 40.043 00.037 00.936 10.957 50.727 41.000 00.608 60.067 90.877 60.015 00.403 40.323 40.252 20.025 6

兼旅

0.076 90.194 00.907 70.117 60.017 00.006 80.910 90.950 10.556 90.989 80.687 60.104 80.873 20.013 00.477 30.402 30.276 60.049 2

旅兼

0.117 70.305 30.882 30.082 30.028 00.002 80.928 80.944 10.734 81.000 00.716 40.070 30.895 80.017 70.464 20.389 90.278 80.048 5

旅专

0.129 10.212 20.870 90.112 30.077 60.011 50.816 80.894 10.675 70.993 10.849 50.081 10.901 70.066 20.446 50.305 30.294 40.089 6
表3  不同生计类型农户土地多功能利用水平
图2  农户土地多功能利用一级功能水平雷达图
土地功能非旅型兼旅型旅兼型旅专型
农业生产功能1.310.711.020.94
经济发展功能0.811.190.921.09
资源供给功能1.690.450.451.39
环境净化功能1.031.061.000.92
生态涵养功能1.070.871.061.00
就业支持功能0.841.130.931.11
社会保障功能0.630.610.702.05
居住家园功能0.901.151.040.91
文化休闲功能0.661.000.931.41
表4  不同生计类型农户土地多功能利用优势度
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