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工程设计学报  2025, Vol. 32 Issue (2): 220-231    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.169
可靠性与保质设计     
基于EDEM-ADAMS的采煤机摇臂壳体变形规律研究
田立勇(),于晓涵(),于宁
辽宁工程技术大学 机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123000
Study on deformation law of rocker arm shell of shearer based on EDEM-ADAMS
Liyong TIAN(),Xiaohan YU(),Ning YU
School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China
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摘要:

为了剖析采煤机摇臂壳体失效的根源、保障采煤机安全稳定运行,分析了采煤机摇臂壳体变形的影响因素,研究了壳体变形规律。首先,构建了摇臂壳体力学模型,梳理了影响摇臂壳体变形的载荷因素,其中包括采煤机截割时煤岩对滚筒产生的外部作用力及齿轮传动系统所形成的内部载荷;其次,采用Solidworks软件建立了摇臂三维模型,并基于EDEM-ADAMS软件搭建了采煤机截割含铝质岩、灰色岩、石灰岩和粉砾岩等4种夹矸煤岩的仰角工况模型,进行摇臂壳体变形仿真;最后,搭建了壳体变形测试平台,进行了采煤机截割粉砂夹矸煤岩的实验。仿真结果表明:滚筒牵引阻力的均值小于截割阻力均值,且两者均大于侧向受力均值;壳体承受外部载荷后,其变形呈现较复杂的态势,在摇臂壳体与滚筒行星减速器结合部位的变形较大,失稳风险较大;摇臂壳体在齿轮轴位置的变形呈现多波峰、非线性、近似正态分布。实验结果表明,距滚筒行星减速器越近,变形越大,这与仿真结果高度吻合。研究清晰地揭示了摇臂壳体在复杂载荷下的变形规律,为摇臂壳体的改进设计提供了强劲的理论支撑,有助于优化采煤机设计方案,降低壳体失效风险,有效提升采煤机在实际生产作业中的可靠性与稳定性。

关键词: 摇臂壳体EDEM仿真截割载荷变形规律实验测试    
Abstract:

In order to analyze the root of shearer rocker arm shell failure and ensure the safe and stable operation of shearer, the influencing factors of shearer rocker arm shell deformation were analyzed, and the shell deformation law was studied.Firstly, the mechanical model of the rocker arm shell was constructed, and the load factors affecting the deformation of rocker arm shell were sorted out, including the external forces generated by coal rock on the drum and the internal loads formed by gear transmission system when the shearer was cutting. Secondly, Solidworks software was used to establish the three-dimensional model of the rocker arm, and EDEM-ADAMS software was used to build the elevation working condition model of shearer cutting 4 types of gangue coal rocks, containing aluminous rock, gray rock, limestone and siltstone, to simulate the deformation of the rocker arm shell. Finally, the shell deformation test platform was set up, and the experiment of shearer cutting silt-containing gangue coal was carried out. The simulation results showed that the mean value of drag traction resistance was less than the mean value of cutting resistance, and both were greater than the mean value of lateral force. After the shell was subjected to external loads, its deformation was complex, at the joint of the rocker arm shell and the drum planetary reducer, the deformation was large, and the risk of instability was large. The deformation of rocker arm shell at the position of gear shaft exhibited a nonlinear, approximate normal distribution with multiple peaks. The experimental results showed that the closer to the drum planetary reducer, the greater the deformation, which was highly consistent with the simulation results. The research clearly shows the deformation law of the rocker arm shell under complex loads providing a robust theoretical support for the improved design of the rocker arm shell, and is helpful to optimize the shearer design scheme, reduce the shell failure risk, and effectively improve the reliability and stability of the shearer in actual production.

Key words: rocker arm shell    EDEM simulation    cutting load    deformation law    experimental test
收稿日期: 2024-09-18 出版日期: 2025-05-06
CLC:  TD 42  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174143)
通讯作者: 于晓涵     E-mail: qingyalou403@163.com;1060592986@qq.com
作者简介: 田立勇(1979—),男,副教授,博士,从事机电液一体化等研究,E-mail: qingyalou403@163.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8690-5550
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引用本文:

田立勇,于晓涵,于宁. 基于EDEM-ADAMS的采煤机摇臂壳体变形规律研究[J]. 工程设计学报, 2025, 32(2): 220-231.

Liyong TIAN,Xiaohan YU,Ning YU. Study on deformation law of rocker arm shell of shearer based on EDEM-ADAMS[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2025, 32(2): 220-231.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2025.04.169        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2025/V32/I2/220

图1  摇臂壳体受力示意
图2  滚筒三向受力示意
图3  二级齿轮受力分析
图4  摇臂传动系统结构示意
齿轮齿数/个模数/mm齿宽/mm
Z135470
Z260470
Z363470
Z432580
Z573580
Z6336110
Z7606110
Z8606110
Z9696110
表1  摇臂传动系统齿轮的尺寸参数
图5  摇臂壳体模型
图6  摇臂壳体模型网格无关性验证结果
材料杨氏模量/MPa密度/(kg/m3)泊松比抗压强度/MPa

坚固

系数

2 0101 2800.2812
铝质岩3 2602 4600.24303.5
灰色岩12 1002 6300.23425.1
石灰岩18 3002 6100.21526.8
粉砾岩21 5002 6000.19648.4
表2  夹矸煤岩材料参数
材料1材料2碰撞系数静系数滚动系数
0.100.650.10
滚筒0.650.850.35
铝质岩0.350.550.15
灰色岩0.370.550.16
石灰岩0.380.550.16
粉砾岩0.400.550.17
铝质岩滚筒0.800.450.25
灰色岩滚筒0.820.450.14
石灰岩滚筒0.840.450.19
粉砾岩滚筒0.850.450.29
铝质岩铝质岩0.410.500.10
灰色岩灰色岩0.430.500.11
石灰岩石灰岩0.430.500.12
粉砾岩粉砾岩0.430.500.13
表3  材料间相互作用参数
颗粒1颗粒2法向刚度/(108N/m3)切向刚度/(108N/m3)最大法向应力/107Pa最大切向应力/107Pa
1.216 50.973 200.831 830.235 73
铝质岩1.551 91.241 51.700 30.750 10
灰色岩1.95371.562 91.761 50.742 13
石灰岩2.184 21.747 31.800 30.739 48
粉砾岩2.301 71.841 51.854 30.738 65
铝质岩铝质岩2.142 61.714 02.637 91.3295
灰色岩灰色岩7.413 65.930 92.756 31.2793
石灰岩石灰岩10.678 08.542 52.817 91.2592
表4  煤岩颗粒间的黏结参数
图7  摇臂传动系统约束关系拓扑图
零件名称运动副相连零件
摇臂连接耳旋转副大地
各级齿轮旋转副齿轮轴
齿轮轴固定副摇臂壳体
惰轮旋转副惰轮轴
惰轮轴固定副摇臂壳体
内齿圈固定副摇臂
各级行星轮转动副各级内齿圈
各级太阳轮转动副各级内齿圈
各级行星轮转动副各级行星架
滚筒转动副二级行星架
表5  构件之间约束条件
图8  滚筒截割夹矸煤岩仿真过程
图9  滚筒所受三向截割载荷及力矩
图10  不同工况下滚筒所受三向截割载荷均值和波动系数的对比
图11  摇臂壳体变形三维图
图12  截割18.2 s时铝质岩夹矸工况下摇臂壳体变形云图
图13  摇臂壳体变形测试平台
材料煤层夹矸层
200180
水泥220195
煤粗骨料410
煤细骨料540
粗粉砂岩粒525
细粉砂岩粒560
表6  模拟夹矸煤岩各材料质量浓度 (kg/m3)
图14  应变传感器初选位置示意
测量项测点
x方向应变7、8、9、10、11、18、19、21、22
y方向应变8、9、10
表7  优化后摇臂壳体应变测点设置
图15  摇臂壳体应变传感器布置
测点传感器编码通道应变方向
7130310045-1x
8125210045-2x
8128610045-3y
9125010036-1x
9131810036-2y
10129310036-4x
10129810036-3y
11127210045-4x
18129110044-1x
19124410044-4x
21132010044-2x
22131510044-3x
表8  应变传感器采集的数据
图16  测点 x 方向的应变曲线
图17  测点 y 方向的应变曲线
图18  测点8、9、10的合应变曲线
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