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工程设计学报  2026, Vol. 33 Issue (3): 418-425    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.200
可靠性与保质设计     
基于曲柄摇杆机构效率分析的轴承寿命试验机电机选型
柳长进1(),马继业2,赵栋杰1(),张慧2,李洪凯1
1.聊城大学 机械与汽车工程学院,山东 聊城 252000
2.山东哈临集团有限公司,山东 临清 252600
Motor selection for bearing life testing machine based on efficiency analysis of crank-rocker mechanism
Changjin LIU1(),Jiye MA2,Dongjie ZHAO1(),Hui ZHANG2,Hongkai LI1
1.School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
2.Shandong Halin Group Co. , Ltd. , Linqing 252600, China
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摘要:

电机选型直接关系到轴承寿命试验机的运行效能与可靠性。为此,从轴承寿命试验机的关键部件——曲柄摇杆机构的效率分析切入,提出了一种精确的电机选型方法。首先,构建了基于复合辛普森公式的曲柄摇杆机构平均传动效率计算方法,并通过仿真验证了其有效性;然后,提出了综合考虑功率、转动惯量及过载转矩等参数匹配的电机选型方案,完成了轴承寿命试验机的电机选型;最后,通过样机实验验证了电机选型结果的合理性。结果表明,轴承寿命试验机在不同径向载荷下的输出转矩稳定,验证了电机选型结果合理且可靠。所提出的方法可为同类装备的电机选型提供参考。

关键词: 电机选型曲柄摇杆机构参数匹配效率分析    
Abstract:

The selection of motors directly affects the operational efficiency and reliability of the bearing life testing machine. Therefore, starting from the efficiency analysis of the crank-rocker mechanism—a key component of the bearing life testing machine, a precise motor selection method is proposed. Firstly, a method for calculating the average transmission efficiency of the crank-rocker mechanism based on compound Simpson's formula was constructed, and its effectiveness was verified through simulations. Then, a motor selection scheme that comprehensively considered the matching of parameters such as power, moment of inertia, and overload torque was proposed, completing the motor selection for the bearing life testing machine. Finally, the rationality of motor selection results was verified through prototype experiments. The results showed that the output torque of the bearing life testing machine remained stable under various radial loads, verifying that the motor selection results were reasonable and reliable. The proposed method can provide a reference for the motor selection of similar equipment.

Key words: motor selection    crank-rocker mechanism    parameter matching    efficiency analysis
收稿日期: 2025-09-19 出版日期: 2026-06-27
CLC:  TH 132  
基金资助: 聊城市“科技副总”协同创新项目(2024XT01);山东省高校科研计划项目(J18KB009)
通讯作者: 赵栋杰     E-mail: 2305487093@qq.com;zhaodongjie@lcu.edu.cn
作者简介: 柳长进(2002—),男,硕士生,从事机械结构设计与分析研究,E-mail: 2305487093@qq.com
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引用本文:

柳长进,马继业,赵栋杰,张慧,李洪凯. 基于曲柄摇杆机构效率分析的轴承寿命试验机电机选型[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(3): 418-425.

Changjin LIU,Jiye MA,Dongjie ZHAO,Hui ZHANG,Hongkai LI. Motor selection for bearing life testing machine based on efficiency analysis of crank-rocker mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(3): 418-425.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.200        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I3/418

图1  轴承寿命试验机总装1—三相异步电机;2—减速器;3—输入转轴;4—曲柄摇杆机构;5—输出转轴;6—动态转矩传感器;7—测试轴承。
图2  曲柄摇杆机构极限位置示意
图3  曲柄摇杆机构虚拟样机模型
图4  曲柄摇杆机构的输入、输出转矩及其积分曲线
参数数值
内径din50
外径dout75
内球宽度win28
外圈宽度wout35
摩擦副球径dk66
表1  GE50ET-2RS型PTFE自润滑向心关节轴承参数 (mm)
部件质量/kg半径或杆长/m转动惯量/(kg·m2)
输入转轴3.470.0150.000 390 375
输出转轴4.890.0150.000 550 125
测试转轴8.320.0250.002 600 000
曲柄2.080.1000.006 933 333
摇杆2.970.2700.072 171 000
连杆4.350.3200.148 480 000
表2  轴承寿命试验机各部件的转动惯量
参数数值
额定功率/kW1.5
额定转速/(r/min)1 400
额定转矩/(N·m)10.23
过载系数1.8
转动惯量/(kg·m2)2.1×10-4
传动效率/%85.3
表3  YE3-90L-4型三相异步电机参数
图5  YE3-90L-4型三相异步电机与WLMD2-N70-P1D5型减速器
图6  轴承寿命试验机物理样机1—三相异步电机;2—电控箱;3—压力传感器;4—温度传感器;5—圈数记录器;6—曲柄摇杆机构;7—动态转矩传感器;8—液压千斤顶;9—测试轴承;10—变频器。
图7  不同径向载荷下输出转轴的转矩波动曲线
图8  电机外壳温度变化曲线
  
  
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