基于反变形的发动机缸体止推面垂直度补偿控制方法

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.165

工程设计学报

2026, Vol. 33

Issue (3): 326-333 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.165

机械设计理论与方法

基于反变形的发动机缸体止推面垂直度补偿控制方法

周语祺¹(

),薛飞²,肖域坤¹,葛广言¹,杜正春¹(

)

^1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200240
^2.上汽大众汽车有限公司，上海 201800

Compensation control method for perpendicularity of engine cylinder block thrust surfaces based on anti-deformation

Yuqi ZHOU¹(

),Fei XUE²,Yukun XIAO¹,Guangyan GE¹,Zhengchun DU¹(

)

^1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
^2.Saic Volkswagen Automotive Co. , Ltd. , Shanghai 201800, China

全文: PDF(9689 KB) HTML

摘要：

发动机缸体对加工与装配的稳定性和精度要求极高。发动机缸体止推面的垂直度是评价缸体加工与装配质量的重要指标。然而，在实际的加工与装配过程中，因受多种因素影响，缸体止推面垂直度经常会产生超差问题。为此，提出了一种解决发动机缸体止推面垂直度超差问题的反变形补偿控制方法。首先，建立缸体与轴承盖紧固后的有限元模型，识别出螺栓紧固力矩是导致止推面变形及止推面垂直度超差的主要因素。然后，基于止推面的三坐标测量数据验证了有限元模型的准确性，并根据螺栓紧固力矩—止推面变形规律，提出了缸体止推面反变形补偿加工方法。最后，通过实际加工装配实验中的止推面坐标测量数据，验证了该补偿加工方法的可行性。在实际批量加工中，可采用偏心销代替传统的“一面两销”定位方法，以实现止推面反变形补偿加工。结果表明，补偿后发动机缸体止推面的垂直度误差比补偿前减小了78%以上，证明了所提出方法的有效性。研究结果为精密制造中的加工变形难题提供了可行的解决方案。

关键词： 发动机缸体; 止推面; 垂直度误差; 反变形补偿加工; 螺栓紧固力矩

Abstract:

The engine cylinder block requires extremely high stability and precision in machining and assembly. The perpendicularity of the engine cylinder block thrust surfaces is an important index to evaluate the machining and assembly quality of the cylinder block. However, in the actual process of machining and assembly, due to the influence of various factors, the out-of-tolerance problem often occurs in the perpendicularity of cylinder block thrust surfaces. Therefore, an anti-deformation compensation control method to solve the problem of out-of-tolerance perpendicularity of engine cylinder block thrust surfaces is proposed. Firstly, a finite element model of the cylinder block and bearing cover after fastening was established, and the bolt tightening torque was identified as the main factor causing the deformation and out-of-tolerance perpendicularity of the thrust surface. Then, based on the three-coordinate measurement data of the thrust surface, the accuracy of the finite element model was verified, and an anti-deformation compensation machining method for the cylinder block thrust surface was proposed according to the bolt tightening torque-thrust surface deformation law. Finally, the feasibility of the compensation machining method was verified through the coordinate measurement data of the thrust surface in the actual machining and assembly experiment. In actual batch processing, the eccentric pin could be used instead of the traditional positioning method of "one side and two pins" to achieve the anti-deformation compensation machining of thrust surfaces. The result showed that the perpendicularity error of the engine cylinder block thrust surface after compensation was reduced by more than 78% compared with that before compensation, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. The research results provide a feasible solution for the machining deformation problem in precision manufacturing.

Key words: engine cylinder block thrust surface perpendicularity error anti-deformation compensation machining bolt tightening torque

收稿日期: 2025-07-28 出版日期: 2026-06-27

CLC:

TH 161.2

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52375504);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52405556);通用技术集团高端数控机床重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KLHCMT202408)

通讯作者: 杜正春 E-mail: zyq2020@sjtu.edu.cn;zcdu@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 周语祺（2001—），男，博士生，从事数控机床误差测量与补偿研究，E-mail: zyq2020@sjtu.edu.cn，https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2409-2518

	服务
	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	周语祺
	薛飞
	肖域坤
	葛广言
	杜正春

引用本文:

周语祺,薛飞,肖域坤,葛广言,杜正春. 基于反变形的发动机缸体止推面垂直度补偿控制方法[J]. 工程设计学报, 2026, 33(3): 326-333.

Yuqi ZHOU,Fei XUE,Yukun XIAO,Guangyan GE,Zhengchun DU. Compensation control method for perpendicularity of engine cylinder block thrust surfaces based on anti-deformation[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2026, 33(3): 326-333.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2026.05.165 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2026/V33/I3/326

图1 发动机缸体模型

图2 简化后的发动机缸体-轴承盖装配体模型

表1 缸体止推面变形有限元分析的边界条件设置

图3 止推面在 X 方向上的整体变形情况

图4 止推面 X 方向变形量的仿真值与实测值对比

图5 缸体-轴承盖过盈配合接触面

图6 止推面反变形补偿策略示意

图7 基于不同补偿策略的止推面 X 方向变形量对比

表2 止推面反变形补偿有限元分析结果

图8 偏心销安装示意图

图9 止推面补偿加工前后的实际变形量对比

[1]	赵兴龙，林观生，商成超. 缸体止推面加工工艺及尺寸控制的优化［J］. 装备制造技术， 2012（8）： 88-90. ZHAO X L， LIN G S， SHANG C C. Optimization of cylinder block thrust face machining process and process control［J］. Equipment Manufacturing Technology， 2012（8）： 88-90.
[2]	庞晓锋，江涛涛，钟安飞. 浅谈曲轴圆角滚压对止推面加工余量的影响［J］. 装备制造技术， 2015（8）： 205-207. PANG X F， JIANG T T， ZHONG A F. The influence of the fillet rolling to machining allowance for finish turning of crankshaft thrust face［J］. Equipment Manufacturing Technology， 2015（8）： 205-207.
[3]	许亮. 曲轴止推面的精车滚压［J］. 制造技术与机床， 2002（2）： 35. XU L. The precision turning and rolling of crankshaft thrust surface［J］. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool， 2002（2）： 35.
[4]	HAMZIĆ A， KAMBER HAMZIĆ D， AVDAGIĆ Z. Rapid assessment of the verticality of structural objects with a circular base［C］//Advanced Technologies， Systems， and Applications VI. Cham： Springer， 2022： 522-531.
[5]	何文彦，曹学东，匡龙，等. 结构光检测大型止推环止推面平面度探究［J］. 光电工程， 2016， 43（11）： 7-12. HE W Y， CAO X D， KUANG L， et al. A preliminary based on structured-light for flatness measurement of large annular planes［J］. Opto-Electronic Engineering， 2016， 43（11）： 7-12.
[6]	HONG W， LIN S. Analysis of the influence of the cylinder body on the position of the base face system［C］//Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2018： Selected Papers. Singapore： Springer， 2020： 663-673.
[7]	LIANG X Y， WANG Y S， HUANG S H， et al. Investigation on cylinder bore deformation under static condition based on Fourier decomposition［J］. SAE Technical Paper Series， 2017， 1： 2017-1-0366.
[8]	IÑIGO B， COLINAS-ARMIJO N， DE LACALLE L N L， et al. Digital twin for volumetric thermal error compensation of large machine tools［J］. Sensors， 2024， 24（19）： 6196.
[9]	LIU K， SONG L， HAN W， et al. Time-varying error prediction and compensation for movement axis of CNC machine tool based on digital twin［J］. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics， 2022， 18（1）： 109-118.
[10]	CHEN X J， ZHOU L S， LI G D. Finite element based dimension deformation predication and anti-deformation compensation model for composite part［C］//2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation. Changsha， May 11-12， 2010.
[11]	CHEN Y H， LIAO D M， LI W D， et al. Iterative reverse deformation optimization design of castings based on numerical simulation of solidification thermal stress［J］. China Foundry， 2022， 19（4）： 342-350.
[12]	刘维伟，李杰光，赵明，等. 航空发动机薄壁叶片加工变形误差补偿技术研究［J］. 机械设计与制造， 2009（10）： 175-177. LIU W W， LI J G， ZHAO M， et al. Research on the compensation of deformation error in NC machining of thin-walled blades［J］. Machinery Design & Manufacture， 2009（10）： 175-177.
[13]	KANG S， SHIN S， HWANG H， et al. Predictive model for bearing torque in bolt fastening［J］. CIRP Annals， 2022， 71（1）： 489-492.
[14]	沈燕妮，张鑫，姚丽青，等. 基于BP模糊神经PID控制算法的螺栓紧固控制系统研究［J］. 工业控制计算机， 2025（7）： 24-26. SHEN Y N， ZHANG X， YAO L Q， et al. Bolt fastening control system based on BP fuzzy neural PID control algorithm［J］. Industrial Control Computer， 2025（7）： 24-26.
[15]	SONG L Q， ZHANG Q， ZHAO X S， et al. The influence of the mounting surface error on the deformation of the guideway［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part C： Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science， 2024， 238（9）： 4071-4084.
[16]	张思鲁豫，刘云鹏，来庭煜，等. 换流阀用饱和电抗器紧固件松动仿真研究［J］. 高电压技术， 2025， 51（11）： 5639-5647. ZHANG S L Y， LIU Y P， LAI T Y， et al. Simulation research on fasteners loosening of converter valve saturable reactor［J］. High Voltage Engineering， 2025， 51（11）： 5639-5647.
[17]	王玉环. 接触网用精准力矩控制防松技术创优研究［J］. 铁道工程学报， 2024， 41（10）： 63-69. WANG Y H. Application research on anti-loosening of OCS structure and equipment in rail transit［J］. Journal of Railway Engineering Society， 2024， 41（10）： 63-69.
[18]	JIANG X J， HONG J， SHAO G Q， et al. An analytical model for rotation stiffness and deformation of an antiloosening nut under locking force［J］. International Journal of Rotating Machinery， 2014， 2014： 410813.
[19]	SHCHELKANOVA E， LIU X， NODA N A. Novel anti-loosening nut designed to have large and stable loosening resistance torque［J］. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology， 2023， 37（5）： 2461-2469.
[20]	李汝鹏，肖睿恒，王耀，等. 复材结构中螺栓拧紧过程影响因素分析［J］. 机械制造与自动化， 2022， 51（5）： 54-57. LI R P， XIAO R H， WANG Y， et al. Analysis on influence factors of bolt tightening process in composite structures［J］. Machine Building & Automation， 2022， 51（5）： 54-57.

No related articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed