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工程设计学报  2024, Vol. 31 Issue (2): 210-220    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.119
机器人与机构设计     
下肢康复外骨骼机器人设计与性能分析
常佳辰(),韩亚丽(),孙翰,史传棋,赵天
南京工程学院 机械工程学院,江苏 南京 211167
Design and performance analysis of lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot
Jiachen CHANG(),Yali HAN(),Han SUN,Chuanqi SHI,Tian ZHAO
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
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摘要:

为了更好地辅助偏瘫患者的康复训练,设计了一种基于盘式电机驱动的下肢康复外骨骼机器人,并通过助力效果可视化研究与性能分析来验证其不同康复训练模式的有效性。首先,对下肢康复外骨骼机器人的结构进行了详细设计,并利用OpenSim软件进行了人机耦合的生物力学分析。然后,开展了基于位置跟踪控制的被动康复训练实验以及抗阻康复训练实验并采集表面肌电信号,验证了所设计下肢康复外骨骼机器人在不同模式下辅助患者康复训练的有效性。结果表明,穿戴下肢康复外骨骼机器人能使人体膝关节的力矩减小50%左右;在被动康复训练实验中,跟随误差为-4°~8°,且人体下肢目标肌群的肌肉激活度呈明显的周期性变化;在抗阻康复训练实验中,人体下肢目标肌群的肌肉激活度随负重的增加而提高。所设计的下肢康复外骨骼机器人具有良好的灵敏性和跟随性,其被动及抗阻康复训练模式均有助于偏瘫患者下肢的康复,具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 下肢康复外骨骼机器人康复训练生物力学分析位置跟踪控制肌肉激活度    
Abstract:

In order to better assist the rehabilitation training for hemiplegic patients, a lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot driven by disk motor is designed, and the effectiveness of its different rehabilitation training modes is verified through visualization research of power-assisted effect and performance analysis. Firstly, the detailed structural design for the lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot was performed, and the biomechanical analysis of human-machine coupling was carried out by using OpenSim software. Then, the passive rehabilitation training experiment based on position tracking control and resistance rehabilitation training experiment were carried out, and the surface electromyographic signals were collected to verify the effectiveness of the designed lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot to assist patients in rehabilitation training under different modes. The results showed that wearing lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot could reduce the human knee joint torque by about 50%. In the passive rehabilitation training experiment, the following error was within -4°-8°, and the muscle activation of the target muscle group of human lower limbs showed an obvious periodic change. In the resistance rehabilitation training experiment, the muscle activation of the target muscle group of human lower limbs increased with the increase of weight. The designed lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot has good sensitivity and followability, and its passive and resistance rehabilitation training modes are conducive to lower limb rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients, which has broad application prospect.

Key words: lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot    rehabilitation training    biomechanical analysis    position tracking control    muscle activation
收稿日期: 2023-02-27 出版日期: 2024-04-26
CLC:  TH 89  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205182);江苏省重点研发计划(社会发展项目)(BE2019724);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX21_0915)
通讯作者: 韩亚丽     E-mail: cjcjstx@163.com;s966237@163.com
作者简介: 常佳辰(1997—),男,江苏泰州人,硕士生,从事机电系统集成与机器人技术研究,E-mail: cjcjstx@163.com,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-8303
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引用本文:

常佳辰,韩亚丽,孙翰,史传棋,赵天. 下肢康复外骨骼机器人设计与性能分析[J]. 工程设计学报, 2024, 31(2): 210-220.

Jiachen CHANG,Yali HAN,Han SUN,Chuanqi SHI,Tian ZHAO. Design and performance analysis of lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Design, 2024, 31(2): 210-220.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1006-754X.2024.03.119        https://www.zjujournals.com/gcsjxb/CN/Y2024/V31/I2/210

图1  下肢康复外骨骼结构示意
图2  下肢康复外骨骼髋关节外展内收驱动设计
图3  下肢康复外骨骼样机系统控制框图
图4  下肢康复外骨骼样机穿戴现场
图5  Delsys无线表面肌电采集系统
图6  人机耦合模型
阈值优秀良好不合格
最大残余力/N0~1010~25>25
平均残余力/N0~55~10>10
最大残余力矩/(N·m)0~5050~75>75
平均残余力矩/(N·m)0~3030~50>50
最大位移误差/cm0~22~5>5
平均位移误差/cm0~22~4>4
最大角度误差/(o)0~22~5>5
平均角度误差/(o)0~22~5>5
表1  人机耦合模型残差缩减结果的阈值评估范围
图7  人机耦合模型输出的残余力和残余力矩
图8  人体左膝关节力矩的变化曲线对比
图9  坐姿下单腿摆动的人机耦合模型
图10  不同康复训练模式下股内侧肌和股外侧肌的肌力和肌肉激活度
图11  原始表面肌电信号处理流程
图12  下肢康复外骨骼的PD控制框图
图13  被动康复训练实验现场
图14  被动康复训练阶段的膝关节运动轨迹及跟随误差
图15  被动康复训练阶段的肌肉激活度
图16  抗阻康复训练阶段膝关节的运动流程
图17  抗阻康复训练阶段不同摆动速度下的肌肉激活度
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