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| Review on hydroxide-based thermochemical energy storage systems |
Xiangyu HAN1,2( ),Wei HAN1,2,*(),Yingcheng WANG1,2,Kezhen ZHANG1,2,Fengnian WANG1,2,Mingyu YAO1,2 |
1. National Engineering Research Center of Clean and Low-carbon Thermal Power Generation, Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. Ltd, Xi’an 710054, China
2. National Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, China Huaneng Group Co. Ltd, Xi’an 710054, China |
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Abstract Two typical hydroxide thermochemical energy storage systems of CaO/Ca(OH)2 and MgO/Mg(OH)2 were systematically reviewed from three aspects including material modification, reactor design, and system integration. The effectiveness of doping and nanostructure design in mitigating material agglomeration and regulating reaction temperature was summarized. The breakthroughs in modular fixed-bed and mechanically assisted fluidized-bed designs were highlighted, and the current status of theoretical verification for applications such as “Carnot batteries” and “chemical heat pumps” was elucidated. Large-scale application is currently constrained by the trade-off between energy density and cyclic stability, the hindrance of heat and mass transfer due to the dynamic evolution of material properties within the reactor, and the dynamic mismatches between the system and fluctuating energy supply or demand. The incorporation of artificial intelligence is proposed to reconstruct targeted material design pathways in future. Furthermore, the deepening research on cross-scale coupling mechanism is recommended to overcome reactor transport bottlenecks, alongside the establishment of dynamic response evaluation framework and pilot-scale demonstration platform to validate the load regulation capability under realistic, variable operating conditions.
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Received: 26 September 2025
Published: 16 July 2026
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| Fund: 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2024YFE0212800）. |
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Corresponding Authors:
Wei HAN
E-mail: hanxiangyu@tpri.com.cn;hanwei@tpri.com.cn
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基于氢氧化物的热化学储能体系研究进展
聚焦于CaO/Ca(OH)2与MgO/Mg(OH)2这2类典型氢氧化物热化学储能体系，系统评述其在材料改性、反应器设计及系统集成3个层面的研究进展；总结了掺杂与纳米结构设计在缓解材料团聚、调控反应温度方面的成效，及固定床模块化与流化床机械辅助流化技术方面的突破；阐述了体系作为“卡诺电池”和“化学热泵”应用的理论验证现状. 当前技术规模化应用仍受限于材料储能密度与循环稳定性的权衡、反应器内材料性能动态演化下的热质传递受阻，以及系统与波动性能源供需侧的动态失配. 建议引入人工智能重构材料定向设计路径，深化跨尺度耦合机制研究以突破反应器传热传质瓶颈，并建立动态响应评价体系与中试示范平台，以验证系统在真实变工况下的负荷调节能力.
关键词：
热化学储能,
CaO/Ca(OH)2,
MgO/Mg(OH)2,
材料改性,
反应器设计,
系统集成
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