Experimental study on scaling laws of sphere by low-speed oblique impact cratering

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.04.018

Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)

2024, Vol. 58

Issue (4): 828-837 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.04.018

Experimental study on scaling laws of sphere by low-speed oblique impact cratering

Lifu DAI1,2(

),Daosheng LING1,3,Jianjing ZHENG1,3,*(

),Changyu SHI1

1. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. National Enterprise Technology Center, CCCC Second Harbour Engineering Limited Company, Wuhan 430040, China
3. Center for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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Abstract

By designing a low-speed impact test device for sphere launch, the cratering experiments of sphere impacting dry sand target at different angles were carried out systematically. The influence of impact speed and angle on crater shapes was quantitatively analyzed. The crating process and mechanism of low-speed oblique impact of spheres on dry sand target were analyzed qualitatively, and the scaling laws of cratering under low-speed oblique impact conditions were modified. The applicability of the scaling laws under different impact conditions and its application in astronomy were discussed. Experimental results verify that the crater shape increases with the increase of impact speed, and the crater length and volume increase with the increase of impact angle. The crater width first decreases and then increases with the increase of impact angle, while the crater depth first increases and then decreases with the increase of impact angle. The cavity volume was scaled by parameters such as impact angle, impact speed, sphere diameter, density of sphere and gravity. The dissipative impact process was influenced by both the momentum and energy in the low-speed oblique impact cratering.

Key words： cratering effect low-speed oblique impact dimensional analysis scaling law experimental study

Received: 03 April 2023 Published: 27 March 2024

CLC:

O 303

Fund: 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目（51988101）.

Corresponding Authors: Jianjing ZHENG E-mail: 22012013@zju.edu.cn;zhengjianjing@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Lifu DAI,Daosheng LING,Jianjing ZHENG,Changyu SHI. Experimental study on scaling laws of sphere by low-speed oblique impact cratering. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(4): 828-837.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2024.04.018 OR https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2024/V58/I4/828

球体低速斜撞击成坑规律试验研究

通过设计球体发射低速撞击试验装置，系统开展不同角度条件下球体撞击干砂靶成坑试验，定量分析撞击速度、角度对撞击坑型的影响，定性分析球体低速斜撞击干砂靶的成坑过程及机理，修正低速斜撞击条件下的成坑相似律. 讨论所修正的相似律在不同撞击条件下的适用性及其在天文学上的应用. 试验结果表明，坑型随撞击速度的增加而增大；坑长、坑体积随撞击角度增加而增加，坑宽随撞击角度的增加先减小再增加，坑深随撞击角度的增加先增加后减小；成坑体积可由撞击角度、撞击速度、球体尺寸、球体密度、重力参数进行缩放得到；低速斜撞击成坑过程中动量和能量共同影响耗散冲击过程.

关键词： 成坑效应, 低速斜撞击, 量纲分析, 相似律, 试验研究

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of low-speed impact test device for sphere launch

Tab.1 Material and specification parameters of low-speed impact test device for sphere launch

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of impact speed calculation process

Tab.2 Low-speed impact experimental conditions for sphere launch

Fig.3 Cratering process at different impact angles

Fig.4 Impact crater shapes color depth map at different impact angles

Fig.5 Impact crater shape contour map (

$\varphi = {45^ \circ },\; {v_i} = 3.85{\text{ m/s}}$

)

Fig.6 Schematic illustrations of crater parameters and coordinate system definition

Fig.7 Vertical impact YOZ plane crater profile at different impact speeds

Fig.8 Variation curve of crater parameters with impact speed

Fig.9 XOZ plane crater profile at different impact angles

Fig.10 YOZ plane crater profile at different impact angles

Fig.11 Variation curve of crater parameters with impact angle

Fig.12 Schematic illustration of XOZ section of impact cratering mechanism

Fig.13 Schematic diagram of target particle movement in semi-empirical Z model

Fig.14 Variation curve of length-to-width and depth-to-width ratios of cratering shapes with impact angle

Fig.15 Relationship between impact energy and crater size

Tab.3 Exponential quantity of impact energy and crater parameters

Fig.16 Scaling law relation of crater volume

Fig.17 Scaling law relation applicability for different experiments


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