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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (7): 1363-1374    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.012
    
Evaluation method and application of urban underground space networked expansion disturbance
Zhi-chun LIU1,2(),Sheng-xiang LEI3,Guo-liang LI4,Zhen-bo ZHANG1,2,*(),Zhi-nan HU1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
3. China Railway Construction Limited Corporation, Beijing 100855, China
4. China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Limited Corporation, Xi’an 710043, China
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Abstract  

Five expansion pattern types and eighteen structure types were proposed, as well as the "four elements" of the expansion system based on the investigated cases of underground space expansion projects in order to evaluate the disturbance effect of urban underground space network extension construction. The total evaluation objective composed of four sub-objectives, including extensional structure, existing structure, stratum and surrounding environment, and six stress and displacement evaluation indexes were determined based on the analysis of the expansion disturbance conduction path and the internal working mechanism of its elements. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to construct the judgment matrix. The evaluation index weight was determined by expert scoring. Then the control value grading method was applied to determine the membership degree of the evaluation index, thereby constructing a five-level urban underground space network expansion disturbance classification evaluation standard. The application of the above evaluation method was conducted. The order of expansion disturbance degree of different expansion methods is expansion by small>vertical expansion>horizontal expansion >connected connection, and the order of expansion disturbance degree of different stratum is soft soil >loess >alluvial-diluvial strata>rock. The expansion disturbance degree will decrease significantly with the increase of the proximity distance for horizontal expansion.

Key words： networked underground space      underground space expansion      expansion pattern      expansion disturbance degree      evaluation index      grading evaluation standard     
Received: 23 June 2021      Published: 26 July 2022
CLC:  TU 94  
Fund:  国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFC0808703）；河北省高等学校科学技术研究资助项目（QN2021130）；河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才资助项目（BJ2019009）
Corresponding Authors: Zhen-bo ZHANG     E-mail: liuzhch01@163.com;zhangzb@stdu.edu.cn
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Zhi-chun LIU
Sheng-xiang LEI
Guo-liang LI
Zhen-bo ZHANG
Zhi-nan HU
Cite this article:

Zhi-chun LIU,Sheng-xiang LEI,Guo-liang LI,Zhen-bo ZHANG,Zhi-nan HU. Evaluation method and application of urban underground space networked expansion disturbance. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(7): 1363-1374.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.012     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2022/V56/I7/1363


城市地下空间网络化拓建扰动评价方法及应用

为了评价城市地下空间网络化拓建施工扰动效应，基于地下空间拓建工程案例调研，提出5种网络化拓建模式和18种结构类型以及拓建体系构成的“四要素”. 在拓建扰动传导路径及构成要素内在工作机制分析的基础上，确定拓建结构、既有结构、地层和周边环境4个子目标构成的拓建扰动度总评价目标及应力、位移6个评价指标. 采用层次分析法(AHP)构造判断矩阵，通过专家打分法确定评价指标权重，根据评价指标控制值分级法确定评价指标的隶属度，构建按5级划分的城市地下空间网络化拓建扰动分级评价标准. 通过评价方法应用，得到不同拓建模式的拓建扰动度排序为以小扩大＞竖向增层＞近接增建＞连通接驳，不同地层的拓建扰动度排序为软土地层＞黄土地层＞冲洪积地层＞岩石地层；近距增建时，拓建扰动度随着近接距离的增大而显著减小.


关键词： 网络化地下空间,  地下空间拓建,  拓建模式,  拓建扰动度,  评价指标,  分级评价标准 
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of networked underground space
Fig.2 Case statistics of underground space expansion
Fig.3 Interaction principle of extension system factors
Fig.4 Internal working mechanism of expansion structure
Fig.5 Internal working mechanism of existing structure
Fig.6 Internal working mechanism of stratum
Fig.7 Internal working mechanism of surrounding environment
统计项目 评价指标
K1a K1b K2a K2b K3 K4
最大值 3 3 6 6 2 3
最小值 1 1 4 3 1 1
平均值 2.20 2.25 4.85 4.90 1.05 2.15
Tab.1 Expert scoring value
等级 K1a K1b K2a K2b/10?4 K3/10?2 K4/10?3
1 0~0.2 0~0.2 0~0.2 0~0.8 0~0.4 0~0.4
2 0.2~0.4 0.2~0.4 0.2~0.4 0.8~1.6 0.4~0.8 0.4~0.8
3 0.4~0.6 0.4~0.6 0.4~0.6 1.6~2.4 0.8~1.2 0.8~1.2
4 0.6~0.8 0.6~0.8 0.6~0.8 2.4~3.2 1.2~1.6 1.2~1.6
5 0.8~1.0 0.8~1.0 0.8~1.0 3.2~4.0 1.6~2.0 1.6~2.0
6 ≥1.0 ≥1.0 ≥1.0 ≥4.0 ≥2.0 ≥2.0
Tab.2 Value range classification of each evaluation index
构成
要素 		评价
指标 		P Q
1级 2级 3级 4级 5级 6级
既有结构 K1a 0.273 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
既有结构 K1b 0.273 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
拓建结构 K2a 0.131 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
拓建结构 K2b 0.131 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
地层 K3 0.061 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
周边环境 K4 0.131 0~0.2 0.2~0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 0.8~1.0 1.0
Tab.3 Weight and affiliation degree of evaluation index
拓建影响等级 拓建影响程度 U/% 工作状态
既有结构 新建结构 地层条件 周边环境
Ⅰ 极严重 80~100 拆除重构或结构开裂，影响正常使用 结构劣化，耐久性降低 地层损失率大，地层参数显著降低 影响
显著
Ⅱ 严重 60~80 结构劣化，
耐久性降低 		发生较显著位移和应力 地层损失率较大，地层参数降低 影响大
Ⅲ 中等 35~60 发生较显著位移和应力变化 正常使用 地层
损失率小 		影响
较大
Ⅳ 轻微 10~35 正常使用 状态良好 正常状态 影响小
Ⅴ 极轻微 0~10 状态良好 状态良好 正常状态 影响极小
Tab.4 Evaluation standard of urban underground space network disturbance
基本类型 亚级类型 计算模型图 基本情况
近接增建 近距增建 既有车站侧向新建基坑：既有车站为双层三跨结构，22.9 m×14.6 m（宽×高），覆土埋深为
5.0 m；车站与基坑净距为8.0 m，地下连续墙深为25 m，基坑深16 m，宽20 m；分层开挖，设4道钢管横撑
近接增建 密贴增建 既有车站侧向新建基坑：车站与基坑净距为0 m；其余条件同近距增建模型
连通接驳 水平开口连通 既有车站侧墙开口：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m；侧墙开口尺寸为6 m×4.35 m（宽×高）；先两边后中间分部开挖，暗柱和顶梁支护. 车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，车站覆土厚度为7.0 m
连通接驳 垂直开口连通 既有车站顶板开口：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m；顶板开口尺寸为6 m×4.35 m（宽×高）；先两边后中间分部开挖，圈梁支护. 车站尺寸宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，车站覆土厚度为7.0 m
连通接驳 通道连通 既有车站和换乘厅连通：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，车站覆土厚度为7.0 m；既有换乘厅尺寸为14.9 m×8.9 m（宽×高）；新建通道尺寸为7 m×3.7 m（宽×高），长度为9 m；采用CRD法
开挖
竖向增层 原位增建 负一层地下室增建负二层地下室：地面90 kPa楼房荷载作用在墙、柱上，既有结构柱直径为
0.8 m，间距为6 m×6 m；在既有柱两侧布置2根直径为0.4 m的钢管混凝土托换桩，增建负二层地下室尺寸为26.5 m× 20.5 m×4.5 m（长×宽×高）；先上后下、先中间后周边分层、分块开挖
竖向增层 近距上跨 既有车站上方新建2条并行隧道：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，既有车站与新建隧道的净距为5.0 m；新建两并行隧道为标准区间断面，单洞宽10.3 m，高10.2 m，覆土埋深为5.0 m；采用台阶法开挖
竖向增层 密贴上跨 既有车站上方新建基坑：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，埋深为18.8 m，既有车站与新建基坑的净距为0；新建基坑尺寸为20 m×18.8 m（宽×深），地下连续墙厚为1.0 m；分层开挖，设4道钢管横撑
竖向增层 近距下穿 既有车站下方新建两并行隧道：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，埋深为4.0 m，既有车站与新建隧道的净距为5.0 m；新建两并行隧道为标准区间断面单洞宽10.3 m，高10.2 m；采用台阶法开挖
竖向增层 密贴下穿 既有车站下方新建两并行隧道：既有车站宽为21.5 m，高为12.7 m，埋深为4.0 m，既有车站与新建隧道的净距为0 m；新建两并行隧道为矩形结构10 m×10 m；采用台阶法开挖
以小扩大 单侧原位扩建 既有两车道市政隧道扩建三车道：既有隧道尺寸为11.1 m×8.6 m（宽×高），覆土埋深为10.0 m；扩建隧道尺寸为18.6 m×12.3 m（宽×高）；采用单侧CRD法扩挖
以小扩大 双侧原位扩建 既有两车道市政隧道扩建三车道：既有隧道条件同上；扩建隧道尺寸为18.6 m×12.3 m（宽×
高）；采用双侧CRD法扩挖
以小扩大 单洞扩建三连拱车站 既有大盾构隧道扩建岛式车站：既有盾构隧道直径为10.0 m，覆土埋深为15.0 m；两侧新建圆形隧道直径为5.6 m，增加立柱尺寸为0.6 m×1.2 m，间距为2.4 m；采用台阶法开挖
以小扩大 双洞扩建三连拱车站 既有两并行标准盾构隧道扩建岛式车站：既有盾构隧道直径为6.0 m；新建隧道尺寸为8.5 m×
9.0 m（宽×高），覆土埋深为15.0 m，增加立柱尺寸为0.6 m× 1.2 m，间距为2.4 m；采用台阶法
开挖
以小扩大 双洞连通增建车站 既有两并行标准盾构隧道扩建分离式岛式车站：两侧盾构隧道直径为6.0 m；新建隧道尺寸为10.5 m×9.0 m（宽×高），覆土埋深为15.0 m，新建通道尺寸为3 m×3 m×2.68 m（宽×高×长）；采用台阶法开挖
Tab.5 Finite element models of different expansion methods
拓建模式 结构类型 评价指标
K1a K1b K2a K2b K3 K4
近接增建 密贴增建 0.11 1.98 0.28 0.54 0.42 0.84
近接增建 近距增建 0.07 0.30 0.32 0.35 0.26 0.81
连通接驳 侧墙开口连通 0.26 0.50 0.13 0.72 0.00 0.00
连通接驳 垂直开口连通 0.10 0.50 0.23 0.58 0.00 0.00
连通接驳 通道连通 0.14 0.45 0.32 0.99 0.30 0.90
竖向增层 原位增建 0.65 3.85 0.78 0.96 0.41 0.80
竖向增层 近距上跨 0.68 1.86 0.78 0.77 0.16 0.58
竖向增层 密贴上跨 0.61 2.03 0.99 1.77 0.37 0.58
竖向增层 近距下穿 0.90 1.50 1.07 0.54 0.69 0.28
竖向增层 密贴下穿 0.87 2.15 1.30 0.69 0.45 3.32
以小扩大 单侧原位扩建 1.27 10.40 1.17 0.60 2.80 1.40
以小扩大 双侧原位扩建 1.14 3.56 0.15 0.63 4.49 1.50
以小扩大 单洞扩建三连拱车站 1.12 2.85 0.61 0.55 4.73 0.56
以小扩大 双洞扩建三连拱车站 1.34 3.21 0.72 0.96 5.94 1.92
以小扩大 双洞连通增建车站 0.67 7.00 0.25 0.58 3.76 0.66
Tab.6 Calculation value of evaluation index K for different extension models
拓建模式 结构类型 隶属度 U/%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
近接增建 密贴增建 0.11 0.50 0.28 0.54 0.21 0.42 34.1
近接增建 近距增建 0.07 0.08 0.32 0.35 0.13 0.41 18.8
连通接驳 侧墙开口连通 0.26 0.13 0.13 0.72 0.00 0.00 21.6
连通接驳 垂直开口连通 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.58 0.00 0.00 16.6
连通接驳 通道连通 0.14 0.11 0.32 0.99 0.15 0.45 30.9
竖向增层 原位增建 0.65 0.96 0.78 0.96 0.20 0.40 73.3
竖向增层 近距上跨 0.68 0.47 0.78 0.77 0.08 0.29 55.7
竖向增层 密贴上跨 0.61 0.51 0.99 1.00 0.19 0.29 61.5
竖向增层 近距下穿 0.90 0.38 1.00 0.54 0.34 0.14 58.9
竖向增层 密贴下穿 0.87 0.54 1.00 0.69 0.22 1.00 75.2
以小扩大 单侧原位扩建 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.60 1.00 0.70 90.8
以小扩大 双侧原位扩建 1.00 0.89 0.15 0.63 1.00 0.75 77.7
以小扩大 单洞扩建三连拱车站 1.00 0.71 0.61 0.55 1.00 0.28 71.7
以小扩大 双洞扩建三连拱车站 1.00 0.80 0.72 0.96 1.00 0.96 89.9
以小扩大 双洞连通增建车站 0.67 1.00 0.25 0.58 1.00 0.33 66.8
Tab.7 Calculation value of affiliation degree Q and expansion mechanical effect U for different extension models
Fig.8 Comparison of disturbance degree of different expansion methods
地层 E/MPa ν γ/(kN·m?3) c/kPa φ/(°)
冲洪积 60 0.27 20 27 15
黄土 30 0.3 18 22 24
软土 20 0.38 17 11 12
岩石 600 0.4 21 100 25
Tab.8 Parameters of typical stratum
地层 U/% 扰动等级 扰动程度
岩石 7.6 Ⅴ 极轻微
冲洪积 18.8 Ⅳ 轻微
黄土 21.6 Ⅳ 轻微
软土 43.1 Ⅲ 中等
Tab.9 Calculation value of extension disturbance degree for typical stratum conditions
Fig.9 Curve of expansion mechanical effect and relatively adjacent distance
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