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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2020, Vol. 54 Issue (12): 2395-2404    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.12.014
    
Engineering properties testing of scoria as railway subgrade fill
Qiang LUO1,2(),Duo-wei LIANG1,Teng-fei WANG1,2,*,Liang ZHANG1,2,Liang-wei JIANG1,2
1. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2. MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Abstract  

Natural scoria has issues regarding field compaction and testing indices, which needs to be resolved. Laboratory soil testing was conducted on natural scoria samples collected in field to reveal its vesicular structure, mineral phase, mechanical and physical properties. The impact of silty sand addition and mixing ratio on the engineering properties of mixed soils was explored by field compaction tests. Results indicate that the particles of scoria have rough surface and extensive inner voids, the crushing ratio is positively related to the open void ratio, and their L.A. abrasion loss value was less than 50.0%; the presence of fine aggregates can mitigate grain crushing. The modulus of subgrade reaction (K30) for stabilized fill first increases then decreases with the rising of mixing ratio, which coincides with the transition mode of three soil structures, namely, fine-graded, stone matrix, and open-graded types. The stabilized soils with volumetric mixing ratio of 4∶1~2∶1 can be classified as a stone matrix type, with specimen at mixing ratio of 2∶1 achieving the best performance in practice. In summary, the particles of scoria are found to have desirable strength against grain crushing, and the performance of scoria–silty sand mixtures are much better than natural scoria; inter-particle void ratio is suggested to be taken as an indicator of quality assessment for subgrade compaction.

Key words： scoria      railway subgrade      stabilized fill material      soil testing      field compaction test     
Received: 16 October 2019      Published: 31 December 2020
CLC:  U 213  
Corresponding Authors: Teng-fei WANG     E-mail: lqrock@swjtu.edu.cn
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Qiang LUO
Duo-wei LIANG
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Liang-wei JIANG
Cite this article:

Qiang LUO,Duo-wei LIANG,Teng-fei WANG,Liang ZHANG,Liang-wei JIANG. Engineering properties testing of scoria as railway subgrade fill. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(12): 2395-2404.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2020.12.014     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2020/V54/I12/2395


铁路路基火山渣填料工程特性试验

为了解决天然火山渣难压实、检测指标低问题，采集现场火山渣试样，开展室内土工试验，分析天然火山渣多孔隙特征、矿物成分与物理力学性质；掺配粉土质砂后进行混合土现场填筑试验，讨论不同掺配比对改良火山渣填料工程特性影响规律. 研究表明：火山渣颗粒表面粗糙且内部多孔隙，其开口孔隙率与压碎率呈正相关，洛杉矶磨耗率<50.0%；细集料可以抑制改良土骨架颗粒破碎；改良火山渣材料K30指标随细集料体积分数升高先增加后降低，契合骨架空隙、骨架密实及悬浮密实3种粗颗粒土体结构过渡形式，体积掺配比为4∶1~2∶1的改良土属泛骨架密实结构，在掺配比为2∶1时达到最优工程特性. 火山渣颗粒块体性好，硬度较高，掺配粉土质砂改良火山渣能显著提升其力学性能，建议采用颗粒间间隙率作为改良火山渣填料的现场压实控制指标.


关键词： 火山渣,  铁路路基,  改良土填料,  土工试验,  填筑试验 
Fig.1 X-ray Powder diffractometer DX-2000 and X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry AXIOS MAX
矿物组成 wB 矿物组成 wB
高温钠长石 31.2 辉石 9.5
拉长石 26.6 镁橄榄石 5.3
中长石 10.1 含锰铁橄榄石 2.0
赤铁矿 5.0 碳钛石 1.8
磁铁矿 3.3 碳氟磷灰石 0.8
方铁矿 1.2 非结晶物质 3.2
Tab.1 Minerals of tested scoria %
化学组成 wB 化学组成 wB
SiO2 48.880 K2O 1.340
Al2O3 16.960 P2O5 0.590
Fe2O3 11.160 MnO 0.180
MgO 4.090 SO3 0.048
Na2O 3.590 灼失 1.280
TiO2 2.270 结合水 0.063
Tab.2 Chemical composition of tested scoria %
Fig.2 Plane projection of scoria particle (grain size: 10~20 mm)
Fig.3 Variation of shape parameters of geomaterials with grain size
Fig.4 Densities and open void ratio collected from 19 samples
Fig.5 Open void ratio between scoria and well-graded gravels
Fig.6 Relationship between open void ratio and percentage of crushed particles in scoria
${\rho }_{{\rm{s}}}$/(g·cm?3) ωL/% ωP/% ${w}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{t} }$/% ρdmax/(g·cm?3)
2.541 41.6 33.4 20.9 1.48
Tab.3 Physical properties of geomaterial added (grain size<0.5 mm)
Fig.7 Grodingcurve of scoria, silty sand, and their mixtures
M ρs/(g·cm?3) ρa/(g·cm?3) ρdmax/(g·cm?3) $ {w}_{{\rm{opt}}} $/%
4:1 2.517 1.975 1.60 14.5
3.5∶1 2.443 1.963 1.63 11.6
3∶1 2.456 1.927 1.59 11.3
2.5∶1 2.399 1.864 1.63 14.4
2∶1 2.573 2.020 1.59 11.3
1.5∶1 2.450 1.944 1.62 16.0
Tab.4 Densities and compaction parameters of stabilized soils
M 水的最优质量分数 K/% c/kPa φ/(°)
1) 注：掺配比2∶1和3∶1对应的水的最优质量分数为11.3%，饱和水的质量分数分别为26.8%~29.2%和23.3%~25.7%
2∶1 最优 90 97.1 38.5
最优 93 128.8 38.9
饱和 90 44.9 34.3
饱和 93 50.8 36.1
3∶1 最优 90 81.9 39.2
最优 93 82.9 40.7
饱和 90 54.2 34.9
饱和 93 57.4 38.9
Tab.5 Consolidated undrained shear strength of stabilized soils
Fig.8 Stress–strain curves of 2∶1 stabilized scoria at 93% of relative compaction and 70 kPa of confining pressure
Fig.9 Field of subgrade construction testing
Fig.10 Layout of test scheme
指标 M 实测样本/% 推测值/% 代表值/%
K 天然 97.8, 98.8, 97.0, 99.2, 93.8, 95.3, 93.3, 93.2, 90.8, 94.6, 93.0, 90.7, 93.1, 90.2, 95.1 N/A 92.9
4∶1 95.5, 93.2, 95.3, 94.1, 93.1 93.8 93.3
3.5∶1 92.4, 90.2, 91.5, 98.8, 99.0 94.2 91.3
3∶1 89.0, 91.3, 93.8, 93.4, 95.6, 94.5, 91.7, 94.3, 93.4 N/A 91.8
2.5∶1 90.6, 95.3, 93.0 92.2, 93.0, 94.5 91.7
2∶1 95.1, 90.0, 90.8, 95.1, 98.3, 92.5, 93.2, 97.7, 92.6, 91.6, 97.7, 94.1, 98.4, 87.8, 95.5, 93.4,
92.7, 96.8, 92.5, 95.8, 92.0 		N/A 92.9
1.5∶1 90.6, 93.8, 95.2, 94.9, 93.1 93.7 92.2
n 天然 40.7, 41.1, 42.1, 39.1, 38.5, 39.6, 38.2, 41.6, 40.7, 41.9, 42.0, 43.5, 43.5, 42.0, 43.8 N/A 43.0
4∶1 39.0, 40.4, 39.4, 40.2, 40.7 40.3 40.5
3.5∶1 38.3, 39.8, 38.9, 37.9, 37.8 38.7 39.2
3∶1 40.6, 39.4, 37.7, 39.5, 38.1, 38.8, 40.6, 38.9, 39.5 N/A 39.8
2.5∶1 38.4, 39.3, 38.9 38.7, 38.9, 38.8 39.1
2∶1 38.2, 41.5, 41.4, 38.6, 37.8, 41.5, 41.1, 38.2, 41.4, 42.0, 40.6, 37.9, 44.6, 39.7, 41.0,
41.5, 40.2, 42.8, 40.8, 43.1, 39.5 		N/A 41.3
1.5∶1 40.2, 40.0, 37.9, 36.8, 37.0 39.5 39.8
$ {n}_{j} $ 天然 26.8, 27.1, 28.3, 28.8, 28.1, 29.3, 27.8, 31.7, 30.6, 33.9, 34.0, 35.7, 35.7, 34.0, 36.1 N/A 32.7
4∶1 22.2, 24.0, 23.7, 24.7, 25.3 24.4 24.9
3.5∶1 23.3, 25.1, 24.0, 21.5, 21.3 22.5 24.2
3∶1 23.3, 24.3, 22.2, 22.9, 21.1, 22.0, 24.3, 22.2, 22.9 N/A 23.5
2.5∶1 20.8, 23.3, 22.1 22.5, 21.7, 22.9 23.3
2∶1 21.9, 26.1, 27.0, 23.6, 23.7, 28.2, 27.6, 24.1, 28.0, 28.8, 26.0, 22.6, 31.0, 24.9,
26.5, 27.1, 22.8, 26.2, 23.7, 26.7, 21.9 		N/A 26.6
1.5∶1 24.7, 24.5, 21.9, 20.2, 20.5 22.3 23.9
Tab.6 Summary statistics of compaction evaluation for scoria and stabilized aggregates
Fig.11 Impact of field compaction on gradation of stabilized soil at 3∶1 blend ratio
Fig.12 Effect of mixing radio on modulus of subgrade reaction (K30) for stabilized subgrade
Fig.13 Relationship between gradation characteristics of stabilized scoria and structure of compacted conarsegrained soil
路基层位 K/% n/% K30/(MPa·m?1) MR
1) 注：火山渣颗粒的洛杉矶磨耗率<50%.
基床表层 ≥93 ≤29 ≥140 2:1
基床底层 ≥91 ≤31 ≥120 3:1~1.5:1
基床以下路堤 ≥90 ≤32 ≥110 3.5:1~1.5:1
Tab.7 Recommended guidelines of fill material for second-class railroad subgrade
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