The mass loss process of asphalt combustion at different heating rates was analyzed by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The release characteristics of gaseous products during asphalt combustion was obtained, and the kinetic parameters of asphalt combustion were calculated by Kissinger method, providing important theoretical basis to reveal the burning mechanism of asphalt and guide the design of flame-retardant and smoke-suppressive asphalt. Results show that asphalt combustion process mainly includes two stages: aerobic pyrolysis and heavy components combustion, and the reaction mechanisms of the two stages are different. There are three mass loss peaks in the aerobic pyrolysis stage, corresponding to the pyrolysis of saturates, aromatics, and resins, respectively, and the activation energies of the three components combustion increase accordingly. With the increase of heating rates, the three mass loss peaks overlapped, the maximum mass loss rate increased significantly, and the infrared spectrum absorption peak intensity increased gradually. While in the heavy components combustion stage, the activation energy is lower than that of resins aerobic pyrolysis, the maximum mass loss rate and the infrared spectrum absorption peak intensity does not change much with the heating rate.