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浙江大学学报(工学版)
Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science)  2019, Vol. 53 Issue (9): 1835-1842    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.023
Environmental Engineering     
Distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in sludge wastewater and sludge from drinking water treamtment plant
Min SUN,Jun-xin BAO,Bei XU,Hao ZHOU
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Abstract  

The distribution characteristics of five perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Yangtze River raw water, process water, sludge wastewater and sludge in drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were quantified, in view of the potential water quality safety risks of PFCs in drinking water, and to provide data support for DWTP controlled PFCs. Material balance of PFCs in flocculation, settling and filtration process was analyzed; the PFCs distribution between the sludge wastewater and sludge and the impact of cation exchange capacity (CEC) on PFCs distribution were analyzed. Results show that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are mainly distributed in raw water, process water and sludge wastewater in DWTP, while in sludge perfluoronnonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and PFOS are the main PFC contaminant. The sludge-water partition coefficient is positively correlated with the organic carbon fraction for perfluorabutyric acid (PFBA), PFOA, PFNA and PFDA; and the functional group is one of the factors affecting the distribution of PFOS. The PFCs mass fraction is higher in large size fractions from the flocculation tank and front of settling tank, while it is lower in large size fractions from the middle and rear sections of the settling tank and V-filter. A significantly positive correlation between PFCs mass fraction and CEC in sludge is observed.

Key words： drinking water treatment plant (DWTP)      perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)      sludge wastewater      sludge      material balance      sludge-water partition coefficient     
Received: 13 July 2018      Published: 12 September 2019
CLC:  TU 991  
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Min SUN
Jun-xin BAO
Bei XU
Hao ZHOU
Cite this article:

Min SUN,Jun-xin BAO,Bei XU,Hao ZHOU. Distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in sludge wastewater and sludge from drinking water treamtment plant. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(9): 1835-1842.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2019.09.023     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/eng/Y2019/V53/I9/1835


饮用水厂排泥水及污泥中全氟化合物分布特征

针对饮用水中全氟化合物(PFCs)存在的潜在水质安全风险，为饮用水厂控制PFCs提供数据支持，探究长江南京段原水和饮用水厂常规处理工艺过程水、排泥水中5种PFCs的质量浓度和污泥中5种PFCs的质量分数分布特征，分析PFCs在絮凝沉淀、过滤工艺中的物料平衡，排泥水和污泥间的PFCs分配规律及阳离子交换量对污泥中PFCs分布影响. 结果表明：饮用水厂的原水、过程水和排泥水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的质量浓度最高，污泥中质量分数最高的为全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟癸酸(PFDA)和PFOS. 全氟丁酸(PFBA)、PFOA、PFNA和PFDA的泥-水分配系数与有机碳质量分数正相关，官能团是影响PFOS在泥-水间的分配规律的因素之一. 对于絮凝池和沉淀池前段污泥，粒径越大，PFCs质量分数越高；对于沉淀池中、后段和V型滤池污泥，粒径越小，PFCs质量分数越高；PFCs的质量分数与污泥中阳离子交换量(CEC)显著正相关.


关键词： 饮用水厂(DWTP),  全氟化合物(PFCs),  排泥水,  污泥,  物料平衡,  泥-水分配系数 
污泥样品 woc / % R0 / % wmetal / 10?31 w(CEC)/(cmol·kg?1)
>250 μm 63~250 μm <63 μm Al Fe Ca Mg
絮凝池 全粒径 8.39 19 19 62 79.67 44.21 20.06 11.69 79.24
>250 μm 11.15 — — — 94.79 48.58 17.06 12.12 95.32
63~250 μm 7.70 — — — 82.17 44.79 18.59 12.01 73.96
<63 μm 6.33 — — — 68.38 40.43 23.45 12.55 58.84
沉淀池 全粒径 9.01 15 19 66 78.58 43.63 20.87 12.15 82.60
>250 μm 6.74 — — — 96.25 48.67 15.08 11.62 60.04
63~250 μm 7.29 — — — 81.33 44.38 18.89 12.03 71.32
<63 μm 10.07 — — — 61.13 39.64 23.29 11.75 88.00
V型滤池 全粒径 7.98 — 24 76 75.33 40.63 15.75 10.49 67.08
63~250 μm 6.88 — — — 88.25 40.77 14.29 9.97 57.72
<63 μm 9.39 — — — 68.05 40.61 18.11 10.92 85.56
Tab.1 Basic physical and chemical properties of sludge from DWTP
Fig.1 Mass concentration of PFCs in raw water, process water, sludge wastewater, and mass fraction of PFCs in sludge from drinking water treatment plant (DWTP)
Fig.2 Material balance diagram of PFCs in flocculation, settling and filtration processes
Fig.3 Material balance of PFCs in settling tank and V-filter
排泥构筑物 R3 / % R4 / %
注：括号内为实际计算取值.
折板絮凝池 1.0~2.5 (2.5) 1.76~6.69 (3.0)
平流式沉淀池 2.0~5.5 (5.5) 0.16~2.27 (1.5)
V型滤池 3.0~6.0 (6.0) 0.04~0.27 (0.2)
Tab.2 Parameters of sludge wastewater in each structure from DWTP
PFCs η1 / % η2 / % PFCs η1 / % η2 / %
PFBA 98.41 99.45 PFDA 100.75 99.75
PFOA 98.05 99.94 PFOS 98.14 99.70
PFNA 99.02 99.78 — — —
Tab.3 Equilibrium rate of PFCs in flocculation, settling and filtration processes
Fig.4 Mass fraction of PFCs in different size fractions of sludge
PFCs lg Kd lg Koc
PFBA 1.10±0.27 2.07±0.32
PFOA 1.22±0.16 2.23±0.16
PFNA 2.01±0.15 3.08±0.07
PFDA 2.29±0.23 3.36±0.14
PFOS 1.50±0.12 2.56±0.06
Tab.4 Partition coefficient of PFCs between sludge and sludge wastewater
Fig.5 Relationship between fraction organic carbon and partition coefficient
Fig.6 Correlation between total PFCs mass fraction and content of cation exchange capacity (CEC) in each sludge fraction
相关性 w (PFBA) w (PFOA) w (PFNA) w (PFDA) w (PFOS) ws
注：**表示在0.01水平上显著相关；*表示在0.05水平上显著相关.
w (CEC) ?0.184 0.356 0.709** 0796** 0.531* 0.851**
Tab.5 Correlation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and mass fraction of PFCs in sludge from DWTP
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