The artificial soil preparation method and consolidated undrained (CU) shear triaxial test were used. A series of structural soils with structural differences were constructed by adding a small amount of cement and salt grains to the Ningbo coastal silty clay. The CU test results show that the structure of the sample with 2% cement content is similar to the undisturbed Ningbo silty clay, thus achieving the goal of using artificially structured soil to simulate the undisturbed soil. With the increase of cement content, the effective cohesion of the artificially structured soil increases in an approximate exponential form, and there is no obvious change in the effective internal friction angle, and the initial deformation modulus increases. Under the same confining pressure, with the enhancement of soil structure, the specimens are prone to strain localization and shear band failure; the stress-strain curve is more probably to be strain-softened, and the peak stress increases, while the corresponding axial strain shows a decreasing trend. For the same kind of soil, difference in structures has little effect on the inclination angle of shear band, and the prediction value by Mohr-Coulomb theory agrees well with the measured value of the inclination angle of shear band.