The definition of average integrated energy transfer efficiency and the theoretical calculation model of fuel consumption were proposed by analyzing the hybrid system internal energy flow aiming at hybrid electric system. Some fuel-saving factors were determined combined with the basic fuel-saving ways of hybrid electric system and calculation model, and the calculation model of fuel-saving was deduced. A parallel hybrid electric system based on CVT was taken as the research object in order to verify the correctness and practicability of the proposed calculation model. A global optimization algorithm based on dynamic programming method was proposed to analyze the fuel-saving potential. Each fuel-saving factor mentioned above was analyzed through quantitative study to explicit the contribution to the system fuel-saving rate. The limit fuel consumption was calculated considering the maximum efficiency of each component of the hybrid system based on the detailed analysis and demonstration of fuel-saving factors.
Xiao-hua ZENG,Bing-bing DONG,Guang-han LI,Da-feng SONG. Fuel-saving factors for hybrid electric system. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2019, 53(4): 645-653.
Tab.2Fuel consumption of dynamic programming algorithm simulation and calculation
项目
${E_{{\rm{reg}}}}$/kJ
$\Delta{f_{\rm{s}}}$/（L·(100 km)?1）
$\gamma $/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fs}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$/%
$\sigma $/%
项目1
0
?
0
?
?
?
项目2
1 077.14
0.972 1
16.4
13.1
13.4
2.2
项目3
1 153.83
1.015 6
17.6
13.8
14.2
2.8
项目4
1 223.83
1.049 1
18.6
14.6
15.0
2.7
Tab.3Fuel saving effect of regenerative braking
项目
${b_{{\rm{e, avg}}}}$/（g·kW?1·h?1）
${f_{\rm{s}}}$/（L·（100 km）?1）
$\Delta {f_{\rm{s}}}$/（L·（100 km）?1）
${\delta _{{\rm{fs}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$/%
$\sigma $/%
项目1
275
6.407 9
?
?
?
?
项目2
270
6.297 0
0.110 9
1.49
1.50
1.03
项目3
265
6.180 3
0.116 7
1.59
1.61
0.94
项目4
260
6.063 7
0.116 6
1.62
1.64
1.03
Tab.4Fuel saving effect of engine fuel consumption rate
项目
$\eta $/%
$\Delta {f_{\rm{s}}}$/（L·（100 km）?1）
$\Delta {\eta _{{\rm{tr}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fs}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$/%
$\sigma $/%
项目1
84.3
?
?
?
?
?
项目2
85.3
0.077 5
1.11
1.08
1.10
1.82
项目3
86.3
0.086 1
1.14
1.16
1.14
1.72
项目4
87.3
0.084 6
1.13
1.15
1.12
3.06
Tab.5Fuel saving effect of mechanical transmission efficiency
项目
$\eta {}_{\rm{m}}$/%
$\Delta {f_{\rm{s}}}$/（L·（100 km）?1）
$\Delta {\eta _{{\rm{tr}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fs}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$/%
$\sigma $/%
项目1
90
?
?
?
?
?
项目2
91
0.019 8
0.26
0.26
0.27
3.70
项目3
92
0.021 3
0.27
0.28
0.27
4.10
项目4
93
0.022 5
0.27
0.28
0.27
3.06
Tab.6Fuel saving effect of motor efficiency
$\eta {}_{\rm{m}}$%
${\eta _{{\rm{tr}}}}$/%
${\delta _{{\rm{fe\_\eta }}}}$/%
无RGB
有RGB
无RGB
有RGB
再生制动贡献值
90
80.17
80.94
?
?
?
91
80.38
81.02
0.26
0.30
0.04
92
80.60
81.11
0.27
0.31
0.04
93
80.82
81.20
0.27
0.32
0.05
Tab.7Difference of fuel saving rate with or without regenerative braking (RGB)
影响因素
因变量变化
$\Delta {\eta _{{\rm{tr}}}}$/ %
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$
$\Delta {f_{\rm{e}}}$/ （L·（100 km）?1）
发动机平均 燃油消耗率
每降低 5 g/kW·h
?
提升1.50%
0.11
再生制动 回收能量
能量回收率 每增加1%
?
提升0.80%
0.06
机械传动效率
每增加1%
1.13
提升1.12%
0.08
电机平均效率
每增加1%
0.27
提升0.27%
0.02
Tab.8Fuel saving effect of each factor
项目
$\eta {}_{\rm{e}}$/%
$\eta {}_{\rm{m}}$/%
$\eta $/%
${E_{{\rm{reg}}}}$/ kJ
${\eta _{{\rm{tr}}}}$/%
${f_{{\rm{e\_com}}}}$/（L·(100 km）?1)
当前值
28
90
83.3
1 077.138
80.8
6.473 8
极限值
35
92
88.2
1 119.301
87.0
4.971 8
Tab.9Limit fuel consumption of power system
项目
${\delta _{{\rm{fe}}}}$/%
$\Delta {f_{\rm{e}}}$/（L·(100 km）?1)
$\Delta {f_{\rm{e}}}'$/（L·(100 km）?1)
$\sigma $/%
发动机效率
13.93
1.042
0.980
5.95
再生制动 回收能量
0.52
0.039
0.038
0.56
综合能量 传递效率
7.24
0.540
0.552
2.17
耦合项
?1.59
?0.119
?
?
总和
20.13
1.502
1.570
4.33
Tab.10Contribution to fuel saving rate of each factors
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