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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (7): 1436-1446    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.019
电气工程、机械工程     
气隙调衡式混合励磁直线同步电机特性
许孝卓1(),杜晗1,张洋洋1,封海潮1,杜宝玉2,*(),王书华3
1. 河南理工大学 电气工程与自动化学院，河南 焦作 454000
2. 河南理工大学 机械与动力工程学院，河南 焦作 454000
3. 上海电机学院 电气学院，上海 200240
Characteristic of air gap balanced hybrid excitation linear synchronous motor
Xiao-zhuo XU1(),Han DU1,Yang-yang ZHANG1,Hai-chao FENG1,Bao-yu DU2,*(),Shu-hua WANG3
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
2. School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
3. School of Electrical Engineering , Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 200240, China
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摘要：

针对直线电机无绳提升系统中因气隙不均匀引起的轮轨间振动、噪声和磨损等问题，设计新型的混合励磁直线电机. 通过改变次级励磁电流来调节双边气隙磁场和法向电磁力，进而调节双边气隙平衡，有效地降低轮轨间压力. 介绍新型电机的拓扑结构及气隙磁场调节原理，分析主要结构参数对电机性能的影响，确定样机的基本参数. 研究不同负载工况下次级励磁电流对法向电磁力的调节特性，分析次级励磁电流对直线电机空载反电势和电磁推力的影响. 研究结果表明，次级直流励磁电流对电机法向电磁力具有良好的调节能力，对电机推力输出基本没有影响. 在相同的负载工况下，法向电磁力随次级直流励磁电流基本呈线性变化. 当电机负载增大时，直流励磁电流对法向电磁力的调节能力略有降低. 实验结果与有限元分析结果基本吻合，验证了本文理论分析的正确性.
关键词： 永磁同步直线同步电机;  磁场调节;  混合励磁;  法向力    
Abstract:

A novel hybrid excitation linear motor was designed aiming at the problems of vibration, noise and wear between wheel and rail caused by uneven air gap in linear motor ropeless lifting system. The magnetic field and normal force were adjusted by changing the secondary current. Then the bilateral air gap was evenly adjusted to reduce the pressure between wheel and rail. The topology of new motor and the principle of air gap magnetic field adjustment were introduced. Then the influence of structural parameters on motor performance was analyzed, and the parameters of the prototype were determined. The regulation performance of secondary excitation current on normal force was analyzed under different load conditions. Then the effects of secondary DC excitation current on no-load back EMF and thrust were analyzed. Results show that the DC excitation has a significant effect on the normal force and has little effect on the thrust of the motor. The normal force changes linearly with DC excitation current under the same load condition. The regulation ability of DC excitation current to normal force decreases slightly when the load increases. The experimental results basically accorded with the finite element analysis, which verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis in this paper.
Key words: permanent magnet linear synchronous motor    magnetic field adjustment    hybrid excitation    normal force
收稿日期: 2021-07-18 出版日期: 2022-07-26
CLC:  TM 359  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52177039)；河南省科技攻关项目(222102220016，212102210145，222102210274)
通讯作者: 杜宝玉     E-mail: xxz@hpu.edu.cn;dbyhpu@163.com
作者简介: 许孝卓（1981—），男，副教授，从事特种电机及控制研究. orcid.org/0000-0003-0817-979X. E-mail： xxz@hpu.edu.cn
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引用本文:

许孝卓,杜晗,张洋洋,封海潮,杜宝玉,王书华. 气隙调衡式混合励磁直线同步电机特性[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(7): 1436-1446.

Xiao-zhuo XU,Han DU,Yang-yang ZHANG,Hai-chao FENG,Bao-yu DU,Shu-hua WANG. Characteristic of air gap balanced hybrid excitation linear synchronous motor. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(7): 1436-1446.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.07.019    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I7/1436

图 1  新型混合励磁双边直线电机的结构图
图 2  HES-LSM剖面图
图 3  不同磁势源下的主磁通路径
图 4  直流励磁电流作用下动子的受力示意图
参数 数值
初级槽宽wps/mm 16
初级槽高hps/mm 20
初级长度lp/mm 360
初级高度hp/mm 50
次级高度hs/mm 62
永磁宽度wpm/mm 8.5
次级凸铁宽wst/mm 14
直流绕组槽高hdc/mm 34
直流绕组槽宽wdc/mm 3.5
初级铁心叠厚d/mm 70
气隙长度g/mm 4
极距τ/mm 22.5
表 1  电机的基本结构参数
图 5  HES-LSM的基本尺寸图
图 6  A相空载反电势波形(v = 1.035 m/s)
图 7  反电势谐波含量分析
图 8  不同磁化长度下的定位力波形
图 9  直流励磁绕组槽宽和槽高对推力的影响
Wdc/mm FT/N Fr/% hdc/mm FT/N Fr/%
2.5 1365.18 2.56 20 1369.35 2.14
3.0 1363.41 2.75 18 1362.34 1.65
3.5 1360.16 1.79 17 1360.16 1.79
4.0 1358.80 1.41 16 1359.52 2.33
4.5 1362.18 2.00 14 1366.59 2.10
表 2  直流励磁绕组槽宽和槽高对电机推力的影响
图 10  开槽前、后的电机推力密度与效率变化
λ/(°) Δρ/% Δη/% λ/(°) Δρ/% Δη/%
0 0.86 4.98 60 2.11 0.69
10 0.16 6.44 70 1.78 0.19
20 1.76 3.93 80 1.32 0.15
30 2.29 2.56 90 1.60 0.23
40 2.41 1.74 100 1.82 0.21
50 2.32 1.12 — — —
表 3  不同功角下ρ和η的偏差
图 11  HES-LSM有限元模型
图 12  不同气隙偏移下By的变化
图 13  A相反电势幅值随气隙偏移量的变化
图 14  不同直流励磁电流作用下的磁场分布
图 15  直流励磁电流对法向气隙磁通密度的影响(4 mm vs.4 mm)
图 16  气隙偏移量对法向合力的影响 (Idc = 0)
图 17  不同气隙偏移量下法向合力与直流励磁电流的关系
图 18  不同直流励磁电流作用下反电势的变化(v = 0.54 m/s)
图 19  不同负载角下法向合力随直流励磁电流的变化
图 20  不同直流励磁电流下推力与法向合力随负载角的变化
图 21  初级和次级结构图
图 22  初级和次级装配图
图 23  HES-LSM样机测试平台
图 24  定位力测试值与仿真值的对比 (Wpm= 8.5 mm)
图 25  反电势测试值与仿真值的对比(v = 0.54 m/s)
图 26  不同直流励磁电流下的A相反电势
图 27  直流励磁电流对初级电流的影响
图 28  气隙偏移和直流励磁电流对法向力的影响
图 29  直流励磁电流对推力和法向力的影响
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