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浙江大学学报(工学版)
浙江大学学报(工学版)  2022, Vol. 56 Issue (3): 598-606, 612    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.03.019
土木工程、水利工程     
雨季降水对浙江井头山深埋土遗址地下水位的影响
唐晓武1,2(),费敏亮1,2,俞悦1,2,梁家馨1,2,孙国平3
1. 浙江大学 滨海和城市岩土工程研究中心，浙江 杭州 310058
2. 浙江省城市地下空间开发工程技术研究中心，浙江 杭州 310058
3. 浙江省文物考古研究所，浙江 杭州 310014
Influence of rainy season precipitation on groundwater level of Jingtoushan deep-buried earthen site in Zhejiang Province
Xiao-wu TANG1,2(),Min-liang FEI1,2,Yue YU1,2,Jia-xin LIANG1,2,Guo-ping SUN3
1. Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. Engineering Research Center of Urban Underground Development of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. Zhejiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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摘要：

以中国沿海埋藏最深、年代最早的典型海岸贝丘遗址——井头山遗址为例，对2018年6月至2020年11月处于发掘阶段的考古基坑地下水位进行持续监测，通过有限差分法预测基坑地下水位，分别探讨基于2018年和2020年的近5~30年降水数据预测地下水位的可行性，分析在不同降水条件下地下水位场演化规律. 结果表明：基于2018年与2020年的近5、10、30年降水数据均可有效模拟地下水位，其中近30年降水数据为最佳降水边界条件，平均相对误差为5.73%，且有77.78%的数据平均相对误差不超过10%；主雨季期间梅雨季持续降水及台风强降水易造成地下水位预测值偏高，旱季造成地下水位预测值偏低；基坑内地下水位场在开挖后期逐步演化形成矩形分布.
关键词： 土遗址;  雨季降水;  水文地质模型;  地下水位    
Abstract:

Taking the Jingtoushan site, the deepest and oldest typical coastal shell mound site on the coast of China, as an example, the groundwater level of the archaeological foundation pit during excavation from June 2018 to November 2020 was continuously monitored. The groundwater level of the foundation pit was predicted by the finite difference method. The feasibility of using the precipitation data in the past 5 to 30 years of 2018 and 2020 to predict groundwater levels was explored. The evolution pattern of groundwater level fields under different precipitation conditions was analyzed. The results show that the groundwater level is effectively simulated by the precipitation data in the past 5, 10, and 30 years of 2018 and 2020. The data of the past 30 years is the best precipitation boundary condition. The average relative error of precipitation data in recent 30 years is 5.73%, with 77.78% of the precipitation data not exceeding 10%. Persistent precipitation during plum rain and heavy rainfall during typhoons in the main rainy season tend to result in a high groundwater level predictive value, while in the dry season, the groundwater level predictive value is low. The groundwater level field in the foundation pit gradually evolved into a rectangular distribution in the late excavation period.
Key words: earthen site    rainy season precipitation    hydrogeological model    groundwater level
收稿日期: 2021-04-12 出版日期: 2022-03-29
CLC:  TU 46  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779218）
作者简介: 唐晓武（1966—），男，教授，博导，从事土工合成材料、软土地基处理以及土遗址保护研究. orcid.org/0000-0002-0916-8761. E-mail： tangxiaowu@zju.edu.cn
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引用本文:

唐晓武,费敏亮,俞悦,梁家馨,孙国平. 雨季降水对浙江井头山深埋土遗址地下水位的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2022, 56(3): 598-606, 612.

Xiao-wu TANG,Min-liang FEI,Yue YU,Jia-xin LIANG,Guo-ping SUN. Influence of rainy season precipitation on groundwater level of Jingtoushan deep-buried earthen site in Zhejiang Province. Journal of ZheJiang University (Engineering Science), 2022, 56(3): 598-606, 612.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-973X.2022.03.019    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/eng/CN/Y2022/V56/I3/598

图 1  余姚2018年至2020年气象要素
图 2  井头山遗址基坑南侧壁地质剖面图
层号 土层名称 地质年代 H/m γ/(kN·m?3) c/kPa φ/（o） n/% k/（m·s?1）
Ⅰ -1 杂填土 ${\rm{Q}}_{\rm{4}}^{{\rm{3ml}}}$ 1.10 18.0 10.0 8.00 0.397 8.30 × 10?3
Ⅰ -2 黏土 ${\rm{Q}}_{\rm{4}}^{{\rm{3al + l}}}$ 0.90 18.6 25.0 10.9 0.442 7.00 × 10?6
Ⅱ -1 泥炭土 ${\rm{Q}}_{\rm{4}}^{{\rm{3al + l}}}$ 0.40 12.6 4.80 3.70 0.420 1.00 × 10?5
Ⅱ -2 海相淤泥土 ${\rm{Q} }_{\rm{4} }^{ {\rm{3m} } }$ 9.40 16.3 7.30 6.20 0.460 1.50 × 10?7
Ⅲ 黏土 ${\rm{Q}}_{\rm{3}}^{{\rm{2 - 2al + l}}}$ 2.50 19.3 28.9 16.1 0.442 6.00 × 10?6
Ⅳ 砾砂夹粉质黏土 AnQ 2.70 20.5 12.1 23.3 0.350 1.20 × 10?5
Ⅴ 风化凝灰岩 K 2.00 19.0 50.0 40.0 1.2 × 10?8 <1.20 × 10?9
表 1  ZK11点土层分布及土性参数
图 3  井头山遗址工地研究区开挖后期航拍（2020年10月30日）
图 4  井头山遗址基坑平面图
图 5  井头山遗址工地研究区观测井水位与日降水量
图 6  井头山遗址工地研究区基地的有限差分网格
图 7  井头山遗址工地研究区基坑的边界条件
边界条件 参数 赋值
RIV H1/m 18.5
H2/m 18.0
T1/m 0.2
W/m 8.0
K/m·s?1 1.50×10?6
DRN H3/m 19.6
T/（m2·d?1） 717.12
RCH（近30 a） H4?RIV/m 0.2
H4/m 1.1
H5（2018-09）/（mm·a?1） 1968.0
H5（2018-10）/（mm·a?1） 984.0
H5（2018-11）/（mm·a?1） 996.0
H5（2020-04）/（mm·a?1） 1356.0
H5（2020-06）/（mm·a?1） 2280.0
H5（2020-09）/（mm·a?1） 1932.0
表 2  井头山遗址工地研究区基坑的边界条件参数
图 8  余姚近30年降水量对比
图 9  地下水位比例系数回归散点图
降水
来源 		SSE REmax/% $\overline {{\rm{RE}}}$/% RB/%
近5 a 0.8267 30.58 6.70 74.07
近10 a 0.6768 23.07 5.78 75.93
近30 a 0.6043 21.20 5.73 77.78
表 3  不同降水来源拟合精度对比
图 10  井头山遗址水位场演化
图 11  井头山遗址回填后水位场
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