Genetic analysis of fruit sugar content in melon (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L.) based on a mixed model of major genes and polygenes

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.141

Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (4): 391-400 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.141

Quantitative genetics ＆ bioinformatics

Genetic analysis of fruit sugar content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) based on a mixed model of major genes and polygenes

Hongxia YE(

),Lü Lü,Rui HAI,Yuqing HU,Bingliang WANG(

)

Institute of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

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Abstract

Sugar contents of six generation populations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁ and B₂) derived from the cross between low sugar content inbred line ‘Huapicaigua’ (Cucumis melo var. conmmon Makino) and high sugar content inbred line ‘XLH’ (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus Naud.) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Fruit sugar related traits in melon were analyzed using the joint segregation analysis method of a mixed major gene plus polygene genetic model. The results showed that the genetic model E-0, incorporating two pairs of additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus an additive-dominance-epitasis polygene, was the best-fitting genetic model for fruit fructose content; and the genetic model E-1, incorporating two pairs of additive-dominance-epistasis major genes plus an additive-dominant polygene, was the optimal genetic model for fruit glucose, sucrose and total sugar contents. The fructose, glucose, sucrose, and total sugar contents were all controlled by two pairs of major genes and polygenes; the additive effect of major genes was mainly negative, and the interaction between the major genes was in common. Among them, the dominant and dominant interaction effect of the major genes for fructose, glucose and total sugar contents were the strongest, while the dominant and additive interaction effect of the major genes for sucrose content was the strongest. The negative additive effect of polygenes for sucrose and total sugar contents was relatively obvious. The heritabilities of major genes in the F₂ populations conferring the fructose, glucose, sucrose and total sugar contents were 85.7%, 86.2%, 92.7% and 85.0%, respectively; and the environment showed very little effect for fruit sugar content. Thus, in melon breeding, selection for high sugar content in early generation melon is desirable.

Key words： Cucumis melo L. glucose fructose sucrose total sugar major gene plus polygene genetic analysis

Received: 14 February 2019 Published: 17 September 2019

CLC:

S 652

Corresponding Authors: Bingliang WANG E-mail: yehx@zju.edu.cn;blwang@zju.edu.cn

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Cite this article:

Hongxia YE,Lü Lü,Rui HAI,Yuqing HU,Bingliang WANG. Genetic analysis of fruit sugar content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) based on a mixed model of major genes and polygenes. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(4): 391-400.

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http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.02.141 OR http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2019/V45/I4/391

甜瓜果实糖含量的主基因+多基因遗传分析

以‘花皮菜瓜’（低糖越瓜自交系）和‘XLH’（高糖厚皮甜瓜自交系）为亲本构建P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁、B₂6个世代遗传群体，利用高效液相色谱法测定该6个世代遗传群体甜瓜果实糖含量，采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对甜瓜果实葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖及总糖含量进行联合遗传分析。结果表明：甜瓜果实果糖含量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制（E-0模型），葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖含量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制（E-1模型）；果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖含量均为2对主基因+多基因遗传模型，主基因以负向增效为主，遗传主基因间普遍存在互作效应，控制果糖、葡萄糖和总糖含量的2对主基因间显性×显性互作效应最强，而控制蔗糖含量的主基因间显性×加性互作效应最强，控制蔗糖和总糖含量的多基因负向加性效应较明显；控制果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和总糖含量的主基因在F₂中的遗传率分别为85.7%、86.2%、92.7%和85.0%，且受环境影响较小。因此，在甜瓜育种过程中对糖组分含量性状的定向选择宜在早世代进行。

关键词： 甜瓜, 葡萄糖, 果糖, 蔗糖, 总糖, 主基因+多基因, 遗传分析

Fig. 1 Fruits of the two parents and F₁ generation

Table 1 Fruit sugar content in the two parents and F₁ generation mg/g

Fig. 2 Frequency distribution for fruit sugar content in the segregation populations (F₂, B₁, B₂)

Table 2 Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) value of various genetic models for fruit sugar content correlated traits in melon

模型 Model	世代 Generation	$U 12$	$U 22$	$U 32$	$n W 2$	D_n
D-0	P₁	0.034(0.854 0)	0.028(0.866 5)	0.002(0.968 2)	0.046(0.898 0)	0.091(0.999 9)
	F₁	0.021(0.885 6)	0.018(0.892 5)	0.000(0.986 8)	0.038(0.944 4)	0.073(1.000 0)
	P₂	0.000(0.997 5)	0.019(0.889 2)	0.297(0.585 8)	0.063(0.801 2)	0.109(0.999 7)
	B₁	0.132(0.716 8)	0.279(0.597 5)	0.500(0.479 5)	0.065(0.789 4)	0.014(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.000(0.988 8)	0.000(0.987 4)	0.000(0.992 9)	0.090(0.650 4)	0.016(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.015(0.903 3)	0.026(0.870 9)	0.032(0.857 3)	0.034(0.963 5)	0.008(1.000 0)
E-1	P₁	0.469(0.493 4)	0.496(0.481 5)	0.027(0.870 5)	0.095(0.621 5)	0.067(1.000 0)
	F₁	0.230(0.631 3)	0.194(0.659 7)	0.009(0.922 6)	0.048(0.887 6)	0.088(1.000 0)
	P₂	0.018(0.894 4)	0.070(0.791 2)	0.297(0.585 9)	0.064(0.795 7)	0.100(0.999 9)
	B₁	0.001(0.969 7)	0.027(0.870 4)	0.256(0.613 3)	0.039(0.939 9)	0.008(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.037(0.847 5)	0.045(0.832 9)	0.010(0.921 3)	0.066(0.780 7)	0.009(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.019(0.889 7)	0.022(0.882 6)	0.003(0.957 2)	0.018(0.998 7)	0.015(1.000 0)

Table 3 Fitness test of alternative inheritance models for fruit glucose content in melon

模型 Model	世代 Generation	$U 12$	$U 22$	$U 32$	$n W 2$	D_n
E-0	P₁	0.036(0.850 6)	0.062(0.803 3)	0.071(0.789 7)	0.066(0.783 0)	0.114(0.997 2)
	F₁	0.009(0.924 0)	0.013(0.910 7)	0.006(0.937 0)	0.033(0.965 4)	0.125(0.995 1)
	P₂	0.002(0.963 2)	0.016(0.899 2)	0.108(0.743 0)	0.037(0.946 6)	0.104(0.999 9)
	B₁	0.047(0.828 7)	0.014(0.905 1)	1.729(0.188 5)	0.112(0.537 6)	0.011(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.015(0.901 2)	0.006(0.939 4)	0.616(0.432 6)	0.074(0.733 8)	0.013(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.079(0.778 3)	0.038(0.846 4)	0.100(0.752 4)	0.029(0.979 1)	0.010(1.000 0)
E-1	P₁	1.213(0.270 7)	1.560(0.211 7)	0.533(0.465 4)	0.188(0.293 7)	0.065(1.000 0)
	F₁	0.279(0.597 2)	0.306(0.580 1)	0.028(0.868 0)	0.058(0.830 4)	0.097(0.999 9)
	P₂	0.079(0.778 1)	0.038(0.845 4)	0.097(0.755 5)	0.043(0.917 8)	0.128(0.996 7)
	B₁	0.476(0.490 3)	0.760(0.383 2)	0.666(0.414 4)	0.154(0.379 0)	0.011(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.108(0.742 4)	0.005(0.944 4)	2.409(0.120 6)	0.099(0.600 3)	0.012(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.242(0.623 1)	1.524(0.217 1)	9.205(0.002 4)^*	0.489(0.043 3)^*	0.010(1.000 0)

Table 4 Fitness test of alternative inheritance models for fruit fructose content in melon

模型 Model	世代 Generation	$U 12$	$U 22$	$U 32$	$n W 2$	D_n
E-1	P₁	0.648(0.420 8)	0.802(0.370 5)	0.215(0.642 6)	0.226(0.225 9)	0.090(0.999 9)
	F₁	0.219(0.639 8)	0.172(0.678 1)	0.023(0.879 0)	0.043(0.919 8)	0.095(0.999 9)
	P₂	0.084(0.771 6)	0.124(0.724 5)	0.082(0.775 3)	0.049(0.881 4)	0.083(1.000 0)
	B₁	0.138(0.710 8)	0.008(0.930 7)	1.184(0.276 5)	0.060(0.818 7)	0.013(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.007(0.934 0)	0.083(0.773 7)	0.688(0.406 9)	0.099(0.603 4)	0.011(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.608(0.435 7)	0.444(0.505 0)	0.124(0.724 7)	0.156(0.374 6)	0.009(1.000 0)
E-5	P₁	1.157(0.282 2)	3.091(0.078 7)	8.222(0.004 1)^*	0.616(0.020 6)^*	0.396(0.063 0)
	F₁	0.004(0.951 5)	0.098(0.754 3)	1.033(0.309 4)	0.050(0.878 9)	0.069(1.000 0)
	P₂	0.152(0.696 7)	0.841(0.359 2)	4.656(0.030 9)^*	0.126(0.476 6)	0.117(0.999 1)
	B₁	0.848(0.357 1)	0.161(0.688 7)	3.858(0.049 5)^*	0.279(0.161 7)	0.013(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.011(0.915 3)	0.005(0.944 6)	0.476(0.490 2)	0.088(0.660 5)	0.008(1.000 0)
	F₂	1.272(0.259 3)	0.623(0.430 1)	1.470(0.225 3)	0.240(0.207 2)	0.011(1.000 0)

Table 5 Fitness test of alternative inheritance models for fruit sucrose content in melon

模型 Model	世代 Generation	$U 12$	$U 22$	$U 32$	$n W 2$	D_n
D-0	P₁	0.000(0.997 8)	0.004(0.952 2)	0.053(0.818 8)	0.047(0.895 7)	0.051(1.000 0)
	F₁	0.002(0.966 1)	0.003(0.959 5)	0.002(0.969 3)	0.021(0.996 5)	0.069(1.000 0)
	P₂	0.006(0.939 8)	0.000(0.997 0)	0.077(0.781 4)	0.057(0.835 3)	0.085(1.000 0)
	B₁	0.162(0.687 2)	0.450(0.502 4)	1.262(0.261 3)	0.145(0.406 2)	0.008(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.001(0.971 6)	0.074(0.785 2)	0.907(0.340 8)	0.057(0.836 5)	0.009(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.148(0.700 7)	0.067(0.796 4)	0.208(0.648 2)	0.079(0.710 8)	0.008(1.000 0)
E-1	P₁	1.323(0.250 1)	1.264(0.260 9)	0.002(0.966 1)	0.171(0.331 4)	0.078(1.000 0)
	F₁	0.061(0.805 7)	0.064(0.800 4)	0.004(0.953 1)	0.027(0.986 1)	0.061(1.000 0)
	P₂	0.126(0.722 2)	0.064(0.800 4)	0.133(0.714 9)	0.073(0.744 5)	0.103(0.999 9)
	B₁	0.001(0.970 3)	0.049(0.825 4)	1.054(0.304 7)	0.048(0.887 8)	0.018(1.000 0)
	B₂	0.328(0.566 6)	0.028(0.868 4)	2.422(0.119 7)	0.119(0.503 9)	0.009(1.000 0)
	F₂	0.265(0.607 0)	0.049(0.824 8)	1.225(0.268 3)	0.096(0.615 1)	0.009(1.000 0)

Table 6 Fitness test of alternative inheritance models for fruit total sugar content in melon

Table 7 Estimates of first order genetic parameters for fruit sugar content in melon

参量 Parameter	模型 Model	世代 Generation	二阶遗传参数值 Second order genetic parameter value
参量 Parameter	模型 Model	世代 Generation	$σ p 2$	$σ e 2$	$σ m g 2$	$σ p g 2$	$h m g 2$	$h p g 2$
果糖含量 Fructose content	E-0	B₁	5.056	2.058	2.716	0.282	0.569	0.059
		B₂	8.164	2.058	4.282	1.824	0.543	0.231
		F₂	22.038	2.058	18.634	1.346	0.857	0.062
葡萄糖含量Glucose content	E-1	B₁	2.627	0.596	2.031	0.000	0.773	0.000
		B₂	6.340	0.596	5.655	0.089	0.852	0.013
		F₂	6.034	0.596	5.438	0.000	0.862	0.000
蔗糖含量 Sucrose content	E-1	B₁	8.770	3.055	5.715	0.000	0.652	0.000
		B₂	157.492	3.055	126.412	28.025	0.786	0.174
		F₂	83.403	3.055	80.348	0.000	0.927	0.000
总糖含量 Total sugar content	E-1	B₁	18.779	6.947	11.832	0.000	0.630	0.000
		B₂	134.216	6.947	91.003	36.266	0.647	0.258
		F₂	105.272	6.947	94.914	3.411	0.850	0.031

Table 8 Estimates of second order genetic parameters for fruit sugar content in melon


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