To investigate the effects of glucose and methyl jasmonate on glucosinolate accumulation, and the contents of other antioxidants, such as vitamin C, anthocyanin and total phenols, as well as total antioxidant capacity of Chinese kale sprouts, we conducted exogenous treatments with 0.03 g/mL glucose and 5 μmol/L methyl jasmonate. The results showed that 5 μmol/L methyl jasmonate alone significantly enhanced the
biosynthesis of progoitrin, sinigrin, gluconapin, glucoerucin, and gluconapoleiferin, as well as all kinds of indolic glucosinolates. However, when methyl jasmonate was supplied with 0.03 g/mL glucose, the contents of all kinds of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates were increased markedly, including glucoiberin and glucoraphanin, which were elevated by 63% and 52% compared with the control, respectively; and furthermore the accumulation of 4-methoxy glucobrassicin (4-OMGBS) was promoted significantly, with a 50% increase in comparison with the control. In addition, the anthocyanin content in Chinese kale sprouts was remarkably elevated under the combined treatment of glucose and methyl jasmonate. These results suggest that the combined application of 0.03 g/mL glucose and 5 μmol/L methyl jasmonate may effectively improve health- promoting compounds and quality of Chinese kale sprouts.