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Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (2): 270-279    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2024.03.101
Research Articles     
Impact of intercropping of rice cultivars on methane emissions
Haowei NA(),Yinghan LIU,Lufeng ZHAO,Jianjun TANG,Liangliang HU(),Xin CHEN
College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract  

Diversified farming of crop cultivars is an effective measure for improving agroecosystem functions. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of mixed planting of different cultivars on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, rice was used as an example to explore the impact of intercropping of different cultivars on methane (CH4) emissions through an in situ pot experiment. The cultivars Changnongjing No. 8 and Wandao No. 153, which have high CH4 emissions, and the cultivars Suxiangjing No. 100 and Ⅱ-you No. 084, which have low CH4 emissions, were selected as experimental materials. A total of eight treatments were set up in this study. The monocultures of four cultivars were as follows: the monoculture of Changnongjing No. 8 (referred to as CN), the monoculture of Wandao No. 153 (WD), the monoculture of Suxiangjing No. 100 (SX) and the monoculture of Ⅱ?you No. 084 (ⅡY). Additionally, intercropping systems were set up between two CH4 high-emission cultivars and two CH4 low-emission cultivars: intercropping of Changnongjing No. 8 and Suxiangjing No. 100 (CN+SX), intercropping of Changnongjing No. 8 and Ⅱ?you No. 084 (CN+ⅡY), intercropping of Wandao No. 153 and Suxiangjing No. 100 (WD+SX), and intercropping of Wandao No. 153 and Ⅱ?you No. 084 (WD+ⅡY). In the intercropping treatments, the two cultivars were planted at a ratio of 1∶1. The results showed that all the intercropping treatments either significantly increased or maintained rice yield, and that the CH4 emissions varied significantly among the different intercropping treatments. Compared with the expected values, the CN+SX treatment resulted in a significant reduction in CH4 emissions, while the CN+ⅡY and WD+ⅡY treatments significantly increased the CH4 emissions. Compared with the monoculture of CH4 high-emission cultivars, the intercropping of Suxiangjing No. 100 with two CH4 high-emission cultivars significantly reduced the average abundance of the methanogenic archaeal mcrA gene during the growing season, but Ⅱ?you No. 084 had a significant effect only when intercropped with Wandao No. 153. For the intercropping treatments except CN+SX, the average abundance of the methanotrophic bacterial pmoA gene during the growing season was significantly lower than that of the corresponding monoculture. This study suggested that the intercropping of rice cultivars can enhance rice yield and also reduce CH4 emissions, but the appropriate combinations of intercropped cultivars should be selected carefully.



Key wordsrice cultivar      intercropping      methane (CH4) emission      methanogenic archaea      methanotrophic bacterium      rice yield     
Received: 10 March 2024      Published: 30 April 2024
CLC:  S181  
Corresponding Authors: Liangliang HU     E-mail: 22107040@zju.edu.cn;zjuhull@126.com
Cite this article:

Haowei NA,Yinghan LIU,Lufeng ZHAO,Jianjun TANG,Liangliang HU,Xin CHEN. Impact of intercropping of rice cultivars on methane emissions. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 270-279.

URL:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2024.03.101     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2024/V50/I2/270


水稻品种间作对甲烷排放的影响

作物品种多样化种植是提高农业生态系统功能的有效措施,但不同品种混合种植能否影响温室气体排放仍然缺乏研究。本研究以水稻为例,通过原位盆栽试验,研究品种间隔种植(间作)对甲烷排放的影响。以甲烷高排放品种常农粳8号、皖稻153以及甲烷低排放品种苏香粳100、Ⅱ优084为供试材料,设置8个处理,包括4个水稻品种单一种植(单作),即常农粳8号单作(记作CN)、皖稻153单作(WD)、苏香粳100单作(SX)、Ⅱ优084单作(ⅡY),以及2个甲烷高排放品种与2个甲烷低排放品种间作,即常农粳8号+Ⅱ优084间作(CN+ⅡY)、常农粳8号+苏香粳100间作(CN+SX)、皖稻153+Ⅱ优084间作(WD+ⅡY)、皖稻153+苏香粳100间作(WD+SX)。间作品种按1∶1的株数比例间隔种植。结果表明,4个间作处理均能显著增加或维持水稻产量。不同间作处理的甲烷排放通量存在显著差异,与期望值相比,CN+SX处理显著降低甲烷的排放,而CN+ⅡY、WD+ⅡY处理则显著增加甲烷排放。与甲烷高排放品种的单作处理相比,苏香粳100与2个甲烷高排放品种间作时均能显著降低生长季土壤产甲烷古菌mcrA基因平均丰度,但Ⅱ优084仅在与皖稻153间作时有显著作用。除CN+SX外,其余3个间作处理下生长季土壤甲烷氧化菌pmoA基因平均丰度均显著低于所对应的单作处理。本研究认为可以通过水稻品种间作在获得增产的同时降低甲烷排放,但品种间作组合需要仔细筛选。


关键词: 水稻品种,  间作,  甲烷排放,  产甲烷古菌,  甲烷氧化菌,  水稻产量 
Fig. 1 On-the-spot pictures of the pot experiment designA. Picture of the pot experiment; B. Pot treated with monoculture of Suxiangjing No. 100; C. Pots treated with intercropping of Ⅱ-you No. 084 (on the left) and Wandao No. 153 (on the right).
Fig. 2 Effects of different cropping modes of rice cultivars on CH4 emissionsA. CH4 emissions under the monoculture treatment of four rice cultivars; B. CH4 emissions under the intercropping treatment of Changnongjing No. 8 and Suxiangjing No. 100; C. CH4 emissions under the intercropping treatment of Changnongjing No. 8 and Ⅱ-you No. 084; D. CH4 emissions under the intercropping treatment of Wandao No. 153 and Suxiangjing No. 100; E. CH4 emissions under the intercropping treatment of Wandao No. 153 and Ⅱ-you No. 084. On the top of the figure, the data represent cumulative CH4 emissions during the growing season, g/m2. In the Fig A, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level. In the Figs. B-E, the gray dotted lines represent the expected values, and the solid lines represent the observed values, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between observed values and expected values at the 0.05 probability level. Exp: Expected value.

处理

Treatment

分蘖期

Tillering stage

孕穗期

Booting stage

抽穗期

Heading stage

成熟期

Maturing stage

平均

Average

CN1.24±0.04e7.43±0.69a2.50±0.13b2.45±0.10bc3.41±0.18b
WD3.87±0.14b5.90±0.05b3.18±0.02a2.88±0.04a3.96±0.04a
SX2.92±0.06c6.08±0.29b1.47±0.41c2.28±0.06cd3.19±0.09bc
ⅡY1.48±0.11d4.69±0.17c2.37±0.18b2.04±0.03de2.65±0.07d
CN+SX1.09±0.03e6.27±0.48b1.64±0.08c1.19±0.04f2.55±0.12d
CN+ⅡY4.32±0.03a4.26±0.18c2.41±0.06b2.45±0.18bc3.36±0.06b
WD+SX2.74±0.07c4.64±0.09c2.76±0.18ab2.66±0.07ab3.20±0.03bc
WD+ⅡY4.40±0.06a4.61±0.04c1.39±0.06c1.87±0.05e3.07±0.03c
Table 1 Effects of different cropping modes of rice cultivars on methanogenic archaeal mcrA gene abundance during the growing season 107 copies/g

处理

Treatment

分蘖期

Tillering stage

孕穗期

Booting stage

抽穗期

Heading stage

成熟期

Maturing stage

平均

Average

CN2.93±0.06d7.36±0.23a5.00±0.16a6.01±0.59a5.33±0.15a
WD3.29±0.06b5.40±0.14c4.32±0.43bc5.57±0.08ab4.65±0.14b
SX3.77±0.08a6.03±0.27b3.92±0.18cd4.79±0.28bc4.63±0.13b
ⅡY2.98±0.04cd5.29±0.27c4.78±0.07ab4.68±0.44bc4.43±0.13bc
CN+SX3.00±0.08cd6.22±0.23b5.02±0.23a6.21±0.14a5.11±0.08a
CN+ⅡY3.01±0.04cd2.82±0.24d5.17±0.15a4.96±0.23bc3.99±0.11d
WD+SX3.66±0.06a5.22±0.18c3.49±0.07d4.22±0.13c4.15±0.07cd
WD+ⅡY3.15±0.05bc3.16±0.18d3.80±0.11cd5.55±0.11ab3.92±0.05d
Table 2 Effects of different cropping modes of rice cultivars on methanotrophic bacterial pmoA gene abundance during the growing season

处理

Treatment

品种

Cultivar

产量

Yield/(t/hm2)

LER

单作

Monoculture

间作

Intercropping

CN+SX常农粳8号12.14±1.11a8.93±0.55b1.12±0.05*
苏香粳1006.43±0.75b9.64±0.64a
CN+ⅡY常农粳8号12.14±1.11a9.60±0.30a1.11±0.08
Ⅱ优0845.47±0.35b7.77±0.80a
WD+SX皖稻1535.57±0.64b8.43±0.75a1.35±0.08**
苏香粳1006.43±0.75a7.65±0.39a
WD+ⅡY皖稻1535.57±0.64a6.48±0.57a1.30±0.10*
Ⅱ优0845.47±0.35b7.85±0.84a
Table 3 Effects of different cropping modes of rice cultivars on rice yield

处理

Treatment

品种

Cultivar

每穴有效穗数

Valid panicle numbers per hill

每穗粒数

Grain numbers per panicle

结实率

Kernel set rate/%

间作

Intercropping

单作

Monoculture

间作

Intercropping

单作

Monoculture

间作

Intercropping

单作

Monoculture

CN+SX常农粳8号6.37±0.116.40±0.6882.81±0.96b122.22±2.17a91.26±1.5588.61±2.15
苏香粳1005.65±0.076.10±0.22108.98±1.67a83.91±0.70b85.48±2.2476.62±4.08
CN+ⅡY常农粳8号6.54±0.066.40±0.6895.15±1.67b122.22±2.17a89.26±2.1588.61±2.15
Ⅱ优0845.26±0.21b5.92±0.15a99.37±2.22a74.14±1.71b88.99±1.98a70.83±4.52b
WD+SX皖稻1536.26±0.136.20±0.50123.43±2.15a81.97±1.31b83.07±1.5183.70±3.61
苏香粳1005.34±0.17b6.10±0.22a101.61±2.92a83.91±0.70b85.00±0.7876.62±4.08
WD+ⅡY皖稻1536.17±0.156.20±0.50104.44±2.75a81.97±1.31b82.66±4.2183.70±3.61
Ⅱ优0846.41±0.455.92±0.1571.50±3.3774.14±1.7178.65±1.1970.83±4.52

处理

Treatment

品种

Cultivar

千粒质量

1 000-grain mass/g

地上部生物量

Aboveground biomass/(g/plant)

间作 Intercropping单作 Monoculture间作 Intercropping单作 Monoculture
CN+SX常农粳8号27.69±1.0326.66±1.13225.70±2.60b266.32±3.74a
苏香粳10027.38±1.3124.49±2.18229.43±1.90b314.90±4.98a
CN+ⅡY常农粳8号25.94±0.5926.66±1.13355.75±2.60a266.32±3.74b
Ⅱ优08424.83±1.6226.56±1.13154.03±1.40b257.32±3.60a
WD+SX皖稻15319.69±1.6519.41±0.50259.21±3.83b349.00±4.19a
苏香粳10025.01±1.4724.49±2.18165.69±3.14b314.90±4.98a
WD+ⅡY皖稻15318.23±0.9919.41±0.50294.92±1.27b349.00±4.19a
Ⅱ优08432.41±0.92a26.56±1.13b266.72±3.01257.32±3.60
Table 4 Yield components under different cropping modes of rice cultivars
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