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Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)
Crop cultivation & physiology     
Effects of intercropping potato with maize on soil and crop.
WEI Changhui, LIU Yajun, YE Xiuxiang, LI Yue, MA Kun*
(School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)
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Abstract  Potato-based intercropping system has an important role in crop production in south mountain areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The traditional crop rotation pattern of winter wheat-winter wheat-potato (legume crops or small coarse cereals) have already been obviously changed due to potato monoculture in the large scale, with the rapid increasing of potato planting area in the south mountain areas of Ningxia. The rotation of potato with other crops became more and more difficult. Intercropping can promote the agricultural resources utilization and increase crop yields, intercropping can fully use the interspecific difference to promote the nutrient uptake and utilization for crops. Thus, that can effectively relieve the imbalance of crop nutrition uptake. Intercropping can enhance the nutrient use efficiency of crops in spatial and temporal distribution. The crop productivity can be increased and the crop yield advantage can be showed by utilization and regulation of the interspecific relationship of crops under the condition of intercropping or multiple cropping system. The underground interspecific relationship of crops are the key to promote the crop sustainable production. If the effectiveness of soil resource can effectively controlled by the interspecific interaction, the plant should have a response to the distribution of those resources. However, the availability of soil nutrients is closely connected to the activities of soil microorganisms, the relationship between soil microorganisms communities and crops should be the most important in determining crop productivity, plant competition, mutual benefit and plant diversity. Thus, it is necessary to reveal the effects of potato intercropped with maize on soil environment, crop yields and the crop-crop interactions.
  The potato, maize monoculture and potato intercropped with maize with 3∶2 as the ratio of the strip were selected as the research object. The relationship between soil properties and the change of soil microbial community function and structure and yield effect were analyzed in order to establish a scientific intercropping pattern and provide a theoretical basis for relieving potato continuous cropping obstacles in south mountain areas of Ningxia.
  To reveal the relationship between crops and the effects of planting patterns on soil, potato continuous monoculture system for three years were selected as the control, the phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) and community level physiological profiles of Eco-plate technique were used to study the composition and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, crop yield advantage were also discussed in the monoculture and intercropping system. The strip-intercropping system with 3∶2 potato and maize, the monoculture of maize were selected as treatment, the change of soil nutrient content, soil microbial community structure, function and potato yield were separately studied.
  The results showed that potato intercropped with maize had significant influence on the soil physical-chemical properties, the total number of soil microbial communities was enhanced and the proportion of bacteria in soil microbial communities was increased. The biomass of bacteria, actinomyces and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi marked by phospholipid fatty acid were increased greatly and respectively by 5.56%, 11.08% and 18.08% compared with the control. The ratio of fungus biomass to bacteria biomass were decreased, the soil type were promoted and gradually changed from bacteria type to fungi type, the metabolic activity of soil microbial communities were also increased, especially for soil microbial community utilized the carboxylic acids, the polymer and the amines compounds as the carbon source. The structure of soil microbial communities was evidently affected by soil nutrient content and the increasing of soil organic matter content can enhance the number of actinomycetes population. Potato have the weaker competitiveness compared with the maize in intercropping system and the maize yield in the intercropping system were increased, however, the potato yields were decreased, compared with the maize yield in monoculture system. The crop yields in the intercropping system obviously have the correlationship between the crop species and species characteristics.
  It is concluded that rational intercropping contribute to increase soil bacteria population, enrich soil microbial community structure and enhance the ability of microbial community function diversity and the ability of carbon source utilization. The soil microbial communities structure and functional diversity, soil environment were changed by crop planting patterns, significantly.


Published: 25 January 2017
CLC:  S 154     
Cite this article:

WEI Changhui, LIU Yajun, YE Xiuxiang, LI Yue, MA Kun. Effects of intercropping potato with maize on soil and crop.. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2017, 43(1): 54-64.

URL:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.03.071     OR     http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2017/V43/I1/54


马铃薯/玉米间作栽培对土壤和作物的影响

为揭示间作作物种间关系、探究间作栽培方式对土壤的影响,试验以连续单作3年马铃薯为对照,采用BIOLOG技术和磷脂脂肪酸(phospholipid fatty acids,PLFA)指纹图谱等方法,定位研究了连续2年马铃薯间作玉米(3∶2条带比)影响下,土壤养分、土壤微生物群落结构、功能及马铃薯产量的变化趋势。结果表明:间作栽培显著影响了土壤理化性状、增加了土壤微生物总群落数、提高了细菌在微生物群落中所占的比例。间作栽培中以PLFA为生物标记的土壤细菌、放线菌、丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)的生物量均显著增加;与马铃薯单作相比,3类微生物类群的生物量分别提高了5.56%、11.08%、18.08%,真菌生物量占细菌生物量比值下降,促进土壤向高肥效的“细菌型”土壤类型发展。间作栽培提高了土壤微生物群落中以羧酸类化合物、多聚化合物、胺类化合物为碳源的微生物类群代谢活性。土壤微生物群落结构组成受土壤养分含量的影响较为明显,土壤有机质增加有助于放线菌种群数量的增长。间作栽培体系中马铃薯的竞争力弱于玉米、马铃薯产量较单作体系下降。间作体系作物产量与作物种间关系、马铃薯的品种特性有明显的相互联系。作物种植模式的变化,显著影响了土壤微生物群落结构及功能多样性,改变了土壤环境。研究结果可为合理间、套作搭配,稳定马铃薯生产力及生态系统功能提供理论依据。
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