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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (2): 231-243    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.082
Research Articles     
Responses of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to rotational grazing in mixed-sown artificial grasslands
Yuan WANG1,2(),Yang MI1,2,Rong GUO1,2,Yu ZHANG1,2,Xia TIAN1,2,Zhanjun WANG3,Qi JIANG3,Hongqian YU3,Bo JI3,Kun MA1,2()
1.School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
2.Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
3.Institute of Forest and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, China
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Abstract  

This study investigated the impact mechanism of rotational grazing on vegetation communities and soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in mixed-sown artificial grassland ecosystems. Taking the mixed-sown artificial grasslands in Yanchi County of Ningxia as the experimental subject, we set up three different patterns of mixed-sown combinations using a one-way randomized block design: T1 (Bromus inermis Leyss.+Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski+Festuca rubra+Medicago sativa L.+Cichorium intybus L.), T2 (Elymus nutans Griseb.+Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski+Poa annua L.+Medicago sativa L.+Astragalus cicer L.), and T3 (Agropyron cristatum+Psathyrostachys juncea Nevski+Agropyron mongolioum Keng+Medicago sativa L.). Illumina high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to investigate the differences of AM fungal communities in the three mixed-sown artificial grassland ecosystems under grazing disturbance, and to analyze the relationships among the vegetation communities, soil physicochemical properties and AM fungal communities. The results indicated that two consecutive years of rotational grazing had a significant impact on the biomass of the vegetation communities. Compared with those after the first year of rotational grazing, the relative importance values of the leguminous vegetation communities decreased, but the relative importance values of the gramineous vegetation communities increased by 51.16%, 81.25% and 33.33%, respectively. Throughout both years, Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera of AM fungi in the soil. Compared with that after the first year of rotational grazing, the Chao 1 index of the soil AM fungal community in the T1 treatment significantly decreased by 12.35% after two consecutive years of rotational grazing. Nevertheless, the Chao 1 index, Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and species number of the soil AM fungal community in the T3 treatment significantly increased by 20.73%, 12.80%, 7.69% and 31.16%, respectively (P＜0.05), which indicates that the soil AM fungal community is more sensitive to grazing intensity during the T3 treatment. The soil AM fungal community structures spatially overlapped between the T1 and T2 treatments and separated between the T1 and T3 treatments with the increase of rotational grazing years. The environmental factors attributed to the alteration of AM fungal communities shifted from available phosphorus (p=0.006) and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (p=0.016) to vegetation community biomass (p=0.036) with the increase of rotational grazing years. After two consecutive years of rotational grazing disturbance, the effects of soil nutrients on soil AM fungal community richness diminished, whereas the effects of vegetation community diversity and biomass on soil AM fungal community richness and composition enhanced. In summary, different types of mixed-sown artificial grassland vegetation communities and soil AM fungal communities exhibit different response characteristics to rotational grazing. Among the three types of mixed-sown artificial grasslands, the combination of T3 is superior.

Key words： mixed-sown artificial grasslands      grassland ecosystems      arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi      diversity      rotational grazing     
Received: 08 December 2023      Published: 30 April 2024
CLC:  S154.1  
Corresponding Authors: Kun MA     E-mail: 974741594@qq.com;makun0411@163.com
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Yuan WANG
Yang MI
Rong GUO
Yu ZHANG
Xia TIAN
Zhanjun WANG
Qi JIANG
Hongqian YU
Bo JI
Kun MA
Cite this article:

Yuan WANG,Yang MI,Rong GUO,Yu ZHANG,Xia TIAN,Zhanjun WANG,Qi JIANG,Hongqian YU,Bo JI,Kun MA. Responses of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to rotational grazing in mixed-sown artificial grasslands. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 231-243.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.082     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2024/V50/I2/231


人工混播草地土壤丛枝菌根真菌对轮牧的响应

为探究轮牧对人工混播草地生态系统中植被群落及土壤丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）真菌群落的影响机制，以宁夏盐池县人工混播草地为试验对象，采用单因素随机区组设计，设置T1（无芒雀麦+新麦草+紫羊茅+苜蓿+菊苣）、T2（垂穗披碱草+新麦草+早熟禾+苜蓿+鹰嘴紫云英）、T3（扁穗冰草+新麦草+蒙古冰草+苜蓿）3种混播组合模式，并通过Illumina高通量测序和生物信息学分析，开展轮牧影响下3种人工混播草地土壤AM真菌群落差异性研究，分析人工混播草地生态系统中植被-土壤-AM真菌群落的相互作用关系。结果表明：连续2年轮牧对植被群落生物量产生了显著影响，与轮牧第1年相比，豆科植被群落的相对重要值降低，但禾本科植被群落的相对重要值分别增加了51.16%、81.25%和33.33%。土壤AM真菌中球囊霉属和类球囊霉属为优势属；与轮牧第1年相比，连续轮牧2年后，T1处理的土壤AM真菌群落Chao 1指数较第1年显著降低了12.35%，T3处理的土壤AM真菌群落Chao 1指数、香农-维纳指数、均匀度指数和物种数较第1年分别提升了20.73%、12.80%、7.69%和31.16%（P＜0.05），说明T3处理的土壤AM真菌群落对轮牧的响应更加敏感。随轮牧年限增加，T1与T2处理的土壤AM真菌群落组成相似性增加，T1与T3处理的土壤AM真菌群落组成相似性差异较大。连续轮牧2年后，土壤养分对AM真菌群落丰富度的作用强度减弱，但植被群落多样性和植被群落生物量对AM真菌群落丰富度及其组成的作用强度增强；驱动AM真菌群落变化的环境因子由土壤有效磷（p=0.006）和碱解氮（p=0.016）转变为植被群落生物量（p=0.036）。综上所述，不同类型人工混播草地植被群落和土壤AM真菌群落对轮牧表现出不同的响应特征，其中以T3混播组合处理的效果较好。


关键词： 人工混播草地,  草地生态系统,  丛枝菌根真菌,  多样性,  轮牧 

处理

Treatment

植被种类及种子播量占比

Types of vegetation and proportions of seed sowing amount

T1无芒雀麦（60%）+新麦草（15%）+紫羊茅（10%）+苜蓿（10%）+菊苣（5%）
T2垂穗披碱草（60%）+新麦草（15%）+早熟禾（10%）+苜蓿（10%）+鹰嘴紫云英（5%）
T3扁穗冰草（60%）+新麦草（15%）+蒙古冰草（15%）+苜蓿（10%）
Table 1 Types of vegetation and proportions of seed sowing amount in mixed-sown artificial grasslands

处理

Treatment

年份

Year

相对重要值 Relative importance value

香农-维纳指数

Shannon-Weiner index

均匀度指数

Evenness index

生物量

Biomass/(g/m2)

豆科

Leguminosae

禾本科

Gramineae

T120210.57±0.05Aa0.43±0.05Ba0.93±0.02Ba0.84±0.02Aa68.07±3.13Aa
20220.35±0.10Ba0.65±0.10Aa1.17±0.10Aa0.89±0.02Aa277.06±148.92Ab
T220210.68±0.15Aa0.32±0.15Aa0.80±0.15Aa0.78±0.10Aa83.66±14.39Ba
20220.42±0.31Aa0.58±0.31Aa0.69±0.05Ac0.80±0.10Aa197.79±49.53Ab
T320210.55±0.10Aa0.45±0.10Aa0.89±0.06Aa0.87±0.03Aa61.13±19.94Ba
20220.40±0.21Aa0.60±0.21Aa0.92±0.08Ab0.88±0.04Aa639.70±131.84Aa
Table 2 Effects of rotational grazing on the importance value and diversity index of vegetation communities in mixed-sown artificial grasslands
Fig. 1 Venn diagram of OTU distribution of soil AM fungi in mixed-sown artificial grasslands under the rotational grazing influence
Fig. 2 Effects of rotational grazing on the relative abundance of soil AM fungal species in mixed-sown artificial grasslandsSingle asterisk (*) indicates significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level.

处理

Treatment

年份

Year

Chao 1指数

Chao 1 index

香农-维纳指数

Shannon-Weiner index

均匀度指数

Evenness index

物种数

Observed_species

T120211 002.21±114.84Aa6.87±0.38Aa0.70±0.04Aa892.55±105.35Aa
2022878.40±125.94Bb6.78±0.75Aa0.70±0.07Aa850.49±118.91Aab
T22021978.26±167.16Aa6.52±0.63Aab0.67±0.06Aab877.89±143.24Aa
2022852.06±265.54Ab6.60±1.28Aa0.69±0.12Aa818.25±253.79Ab
T32021851.61±130.27Bb6.17±0.86Bb0.65±0.08Bb749.16±122.12Bb
20221 028.15±209.77Aa6.96±0.57Aa0.70±0.04Aa982.63±197.24Aa
Table 3 Effects of rotational grazing on soil AM fungal community richness and alpha diversity in mixed-sown artificial grasslands
Fig. 3 Effects of rotational grazing on soil AM fungal community beta diversity in mixed-sown artificial grasslands
Fig. 4 Redundancy analysis of soil AM fungal community diversity and environmental factors in mixed-sown artificial grasslands under the rotational grazing influenceTP: Total phosphorus; TN: Total nitrogen; pH: Pondus hydrogenii; AK: Available potassium; TC: Total carbon; AN: alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; AP: Available phosphorus; SWC: Soil water content; VB: Vegetation community biomass; D: Vegetation community Simpson index; E: Vegetation community evenness index; H: AM fungal Shannon-Wiener index; Chao 1: AM fungal Chao 1 index; AMC: AM fungal community composition.
Fig. 5 Structural equation model of soil AM fungal diversity and soil environmental factors and vegetation communities in mixed-sown artificial grasslandsArrows indicate the direction of the impact effect, and the values above them represent the normalization coefficients for each pathway. Double asterisks (**) and triple asterisks (***) indicate extremely significant correlations at the 0.01 and 0.001 probability levels, respectively.
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