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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences)  2023, Vol. 49 Issue (5): 591-606    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.05.101
Young Scientist Forum     
Research progresses on target of rapamycin kinase in plants
Wenzhen CHEN1,2(),Jiaqi LIU1,Hao DU1
1.Advanced Seed Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
2.Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, Hainan, China
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Abstract  

In plants, target of rapamycin (TOR) functions as a pivotal signaling and metabolic hub, integrating nutrient availability, energy status, and environmental cues through phosphorylation. This regulatory mechanism plays a crucial role in governing plant growth, development, and environmental adaptation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the discovery and characterization of TOR in plants. We summarize previous and recent studies on the signaling pathway of plant TOR, highlighting the identification of upstream effect factors and downstream substrates. Additionally, we discuss the diverse roles of TOR in plant embryogenesis, meristem formation, nutrient utilization, flowering, senescence, and responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Furthermore, we explore the potential research prospects for TOR kinase and its application in agriculture.

Key words： target of rapamycin      protein kinase      signaling pathway      growth and development      environmental adaptation     
Received: 10 May 2023      Published: 03 November 2023
CLC:  S-3  
Corresponding Authors: Hao DU     E-mail: 1870357504@qq.com
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Wenzhen CHEN
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Cite this article:

Wenzhen CHEN,Jiaqi LIU,Hao DU. Research progresses on target of rapamycin kinase in plants. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(5): 591-606.

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https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.05.101     OR     https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/Y2023/V49/I5/591


植物雷帕霉素靶蛋白激酶研究进展

植物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（target of rapamycin, TOR）作为信号和代谢调节中枢，通过磷酸化修饰整合营养、能量和环境信号，感知植物体内能量变化，调节植物生长发育和环境适应过程。在本文中，我们回顾了TOR的发现历程，总结了以往和近期植物TOR的信号通路研究进展（包括新发现的部分上游效应因子和下游调控路径），TOR在植物胚胎发生、分生组织形成、养分利用、开花和衰老等不同生长发育阶段或代谢过程中的重要作用，以及响应非生物胁迫和生物胁迫的生物学机制，还展望了TOR激酶在未来的研究热点方向及其在农业生产中的应用。


关键词： 雷帕霉素靶蛋白,  蛋白激酶,  信号通路,  生长发育,  环境适应 
Fig. 1 Animal and plant TOR kinases and their complex subunit structuresSolid arrows indicate the location for protein interaction, and T-shaped arrow indicates inhibition.
Fig. 2 Central regulatory roles of TOR in plant development
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of TOR regulatory network in plantsSolid arrows indicate direct activation, and dashed arrows indicate indirect activation, and T-shaped arrows indicate inhibition.
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