强酸性轻度镉污染稻田安全利用技术模式探究

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (6): 853-862 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273

资源利用与环境保护

强酸性轻度镉污染稻田安全利用技术模式探究

陈思民¹(

),卢新哲²,黄春雷²,施加春¹(

),徐建明¹

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院土水资源与环境研究所，浙江杭州 310058
^2.浙江省地质调查院，浙江杭州 311203

Study on safe utilization technology model of high acidity and mild cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: a case of the cadmium-contaminated pilot area in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province

Simin CHEN¹(

),Xinzhe LU²,Chunlei HUANG²,Jiachun SHI¹(

),Jianming XU¹

^1.Institute of Soil-Water Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^2.Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou 311203, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

为探究适合强酸性镉（Cd）污染稻田土壤的安全利用技术模式，在浙江省永康市Cd污染试验区，连续2年开展田间Cd低累积水稻品种和土壤钝化材料筛选及其组合效果试验。结果表明：在品种筛选试验中，‘秀水519’（XS519）、‘浙糯106’（ZN106）、‘中浙优1号’（ZZY1H）和‘中嘉8号’（ZJ8H）可被推荐为当地适宜种植的低Cd累积水稻品种，其中‘秀水519’的Cd累积能力较低且稳定，2年的平均富集系数分别为0.090和0.159。在钝化材料筛选试验中，石灰对土壤pH值的提高效果显著，石灰、铁基生物质炭和钙镁磷肥能在一定程度上降低土壤有效态Cd含量（钝化率分别为14.8%、7.1%和6.9%），1 800 kg/hm²铁基生物质炭和2 400 kg/hm²土壤调理剂对‘中嘉8号’籽粒的降Cd效果较好，施用后籽粒含Cd量分别降低了32.2%和29.0%。在Cd低累积品种和钝化材料的组合试验中，施用2 250 kg/hm²铁基生物质炭和2 250 kg/hm²土壤调理剂均使水稻分蘖期和灌浆期的土壤pH值明显上升，其中土壤调理剂对酸性土壤的改良效果明显优于铁基生物质炭。‘秀水519’和‘浙糯106’的籽粒Cd含量与成熟期土壤pH值（5.19～5.61）呈极显著正相关，在试验所涉及的土壤pH值范围内，除‘秀水519’与1 500 kg/hm²土壤调理剂组合外，籽粒Cd含量随钝化材料施用量的升高而增加。从经济和轻简化角度考虑，种植‘秀水519’是目前该试验区Cd污染稻田安全利用的最佳选择。

关键词： 轻度; 镉污染; 强酸性; 稻田土壤; 安全利用

Abstract:

In the highly acidic soil pilot area contaminated by cadmium (Cd) in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province, we screened low-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars and soil passivators in the field and performed the combined effect tests for two consecutive years to explore the safe utilization technology model suitable for local Cd-polluted paddy fields. The results showed that ‘Xiushui 519’ (XS519), ‘Zhenuo 106’ (ZN106), ‘Zhongzheyou 1’ (ZZY1H) and ‘Zhongjia 8’ (ZJ8H) could be recommended as low-Cd-accumulating rice cultivars suitable for local planting. Among them, ‘Xiushui 519’ had the lowest and most stable Cd accumulation ability, and the average bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Cd in the rice grains in the two years were 0.090 and 0.159, respectively; in the screening tests of passivators, the improvement effect of lime (L) on soil pH was significant. Lime, iron-modified biochar (FeC) and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer (CaMgP) could reduce soil available Cd contents to a certain extent (passivation rates were 14.8%, 7.1% and 6.9%, respectively). In addition, 1 800 kg/hm² iron-modified biochar and 2 400 kg/hm² soil conditioner had better effects on reducing the Cd content in the rice grains of ‘Zhongjia 8’, which decreased by 32.2% and 29.0%, respectively, after application. According to the results of the combination tests of the low-Cd-accumulating cultivars and passivators, both the application of 2 250 kg/hm² iron-modified biochar and 2 250 kg/hm² soil conditioner increased obviously the soil pH values at the tillering stage and filling stage, the soil conditioner of which had a better improvement effect. The Cd contents in the rice grains of ‘Xiushui 519’ and ‘Zhenuo 106’ were extremely significant correlations with the soil pH values (5.19-5.61) at the mature stage. Within the range of soil pH values involved in the test, except for the combination of ‘Xiushui 519’ and the 1 500 kg/hm² soil conditioner, the Cd content in the rice grains increased with increasing application amount of passivators. Therefore, planting ‘Xiushui 519’ (a low-Cd cultivar) directly is the best choice for the safe utilization of Cd-contaminated paddy fields in this area, which is both economical and convenient.

Key words: mild cadmium pollution high acidity paddy soil safe utilization

收稿日期: 2022-07-27 出版日期: 2023-12-25

CLC:

S511

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(42177007);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LGN22D010004);浙江省自然资源厅科技项目(2020006)

通讯作者: 施加春 E-mail: chensimin@zju.edu.cn;jcshi@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈思民（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-168X），E-mail：chensimin@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

陈思民,卢新哲,黄春雷,施加春,徐建明. 强酸性轻度镉污染稻田安全利用技术模式探究[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(6): 853-862.

Simin CHEN,Xinzhe LU,Chunlei HUANG,Jiachun SHI,Jianming XU. Study on safe utilization technology model of high acidity and mild cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: a case of the cadmium-contaminated pilot area in Yongkang City of Zhejiang Province. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(6): 853-862.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2022.07.273 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I6/853

表1 钝化材料的pH值和Cd含量

图1 不同品种水稻籽粒中Cd含量与富集系数短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，n=3。图3同。

图2 不同处理下试验前与水稻成熟期土壤pH值和有效态Cd含量短栅上不同小写字母表示同一时期各处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，n=3。

图3 不同处理下ZJ8H水稻籽粒中Cd含量与富集系数

表2 钝化材料的单价与施用成本

表3 不同处理下不同时期土壤pH值

表4 不同处理下不同时期土壤有效态Cd含量 (mg/kg)

图4 不同处理下水稻籽粒中Cd含量与富集系数短栅上不同小写字母表示同一品种各处理间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，n=3。

表5 成熟期土壤理化指标与水稻籽粒Cd含量的皮尔逊相关性分析

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[3]	郝晓晖　肖宏宇　苏以荣　吴金水　胡荣桂　. 长期不同施肥稻田土壤的氮素形态及矿化作用特征 [J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2007, 33(5): 544-550.

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