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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2023, Vol. 49 Issue (4): 445-453    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.04.181
综述     
油料作物育种的分子工具和技术创新
许玲1(),LIU Hui2(),YAN Guijun2,COWLING Wallace2,周伟军3(),路战远4()
1.浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院, 浙江 杭州 310018
2.西澳大学农业与环境学院/西澳大学农业研究所, 西澳大利亚州 珀斯 6009
3.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院, 浙江 杭州 310058
4.内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010031
Molecular tools and technological innovation in oil crop breeding
Ling XU1(),Hui LIU2(),Guijun YAN2,Wallace COWLING2,Weijun ZHOU3(),Zhanyuan LU4()
1.College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
2.UWA School of Agriculture and Environment/The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia
3.College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
4.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China
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摘要：

油料作物的主要育种目标是提高产量、品质和抗逆性。目前，就产量而言，全球主要油料作物依次为大豆、油菜、向日葵和花生。本文综述了这些主要油料作物育种的分子工具和技术创新，包括基因组选择、基因组编辑、分子设计育种等新技术，指出了当前在遗传研究和育种实践中存在的主要问题，并对技术进展和未来应用前景进行了展望，旨在为油料作物高产、优质、高效育种提供借鉴。
关键词： 油料作物;  育种;  分子工具;  技术创新    
Abstract:

Oil crop breeding programs generally aim to improve yield, quality, and stress resistance. Major oil crops include soybean, rape, sunflower and peanut according to their current production worldwide. This paper reviewed the molecular tools and technological innovation in oil crop breeding, including advanced technologies such as genome selection, genome editing, and molecular design breeding. Challenges exist in current genetic studies and breeding practices, and future perspectives of technological progress and application are also discussed for achieving high yield, high quality, and efficient breeding of oil crops.
Key words: oil crops    breeding    molecular tools    technological innovation
收稿日期: 2023-04-18 出版日期: 2023-08-29
CLC:  S565  
基金资助: 浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2022SNJF010);现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心项目（CIC-MCP）;内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD009);内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程领军人才项目;浙江理工大学科研业务费专项资金项目(23042097-Y)
通讯作者: 周伟军,路战远     E-mail: lxu@zstu.edu.cn;hui.liu@uwa.edu.au。;wjzhou@zju.edu.cn;lzhy281@163.com
作者简介: 许玲（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0749-6195），E-mail： lxu@zstu.edu.cn|Hui LIU（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-5774），E-mail：hui.liu@uwa.edu.au。
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引用本文:

许玲,LIU Hui,YAN Guijun,COWLING Wallace,周伟军,路战远. 油料作物育种的分子工具和技术创新[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(4): 445-453.

Ling XU,Hui LIU,Guijun YAN,Wallace COWLING,Weijun ZHOU,Zhanyuan LU. Molecular tools and technological innovation in oil crop breeding. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(4): 445-453.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.04.181    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I4/445

油料作物

Oil crop

育种目标性状

Target trait for breeding

分子工具或

技术创新

Molecular tool

or technological

innovation

主要结果

Key result

文献

Reference

大豆

Soybean

产量基因组选择基因组选择可成功预测遗传力高的性状，如蛋白质和含油量[21]
品质转基因大豆油基因被改变（如在脂肪酸去饱和酶2基因FAD2-1A和FAD2-1B中引入突变）后，多不饱和脂肪酸的百分比增加了4倍[22-23]
抗逆性基因编辑通过靶向切割NBS-LRRs基因的串联重复区域并随后修复DNA，开发出大豆中新型R基因旁系同源物[24-25]

油菜

Rape

产量基因组选择基因组选择有望加速油菜籽育种进程[26-27]
品质基因编辑CRISPR介导的技术已被用于许多改善菜籽油的研究[28]
抗逆性基因编辑BnaALS基因经过碱基编辑后产生了抗除草剂油菜[29]
产量液相芯片油菜50K泛基因组液相捕获芯片BnaPan50T[30]

花生

Peanut

产量多组学分析多组学分析表明，木质素积累会影响花生荚大小，从而影响花生产量[31]
品质、抗逆性转基因一些优质和抗逆基因已通过转基因技术成功转入花生[32]

向日葵

Sunflower

产量遥感和卫星图像利用遥感能在田间水平上预测葵花籽产量[33]
品质、抗逆性

转基因、多组学

分析

有几种性状尝试过转基因处理，但尚未有商业化的转基因向日葵品种；多组学研究明确了向日葵在干旱条件下的代谢途径和中心转录因子[34-36]
表1  主要油料作物在产量、品质和抗逆性育种中利用分子工具和技术创新的示例
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