植物修复用伴矿景天种苗质量分级标准研究

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.06.161

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (4): 473-482 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.06.161

资源利用与环境保护

植物修复用伴矿景天种苗质量分级标准研究

戴艳娇^1,²(

),贺爱国^1,²,胡志鑫³,柏连阳¹,赵硕³,聂阳阳^1,²,陈锦^1,²(

)

^1.湖南省农业科学院, 长沙 410125
^2.长沙市重金属污染土壤植物修复技术创新中心, 长沙 410125
^3.湖南艾布鲁环保科技股份有限公司, 长沙 410071

Study of quality grading standards on Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings for phytoremediation

Yanjiao DAI^1,²(

),Aiguo HE^1,²,Zhixin HU³,Lianyang BAI¹,Shuo ZHAO³,Yangyang NIE^1,²,Jin CHEN^1,²(

)

^1.Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
^2.Changsha Technology Innovation Center for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil, Changsha 410125, China
^3.Hunan Airbluer Environmental Protection Technology Co. , Ltd. , Changsha 410071, China

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摘要：

采用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法，研究伴矿景天种苗质量对土壤镉（Cd）净移除率的影响。结果表明：不同质量种苗对Cd移除效率和修复成本有较大影响，其中茎粗、分枝数、苗高及种苗Cd含量是决定Cd移除效率的重要指标，当种苗茎粗≥5.0 mm，单株分枝数≥2个，苗高≥6.0 cm，种苗含Cd量≤5 mg/kg（即种苗质量达到或高于Ⅱ级）时，种植90 d后Cd净移除量超过200 g/hm²，修复效率是Ⅳ级苗（茎粗＜4.0 mm，单株分枝数0～1个，苗高＜6.0 cm，种苗含Cd量≤5 mg/kg）的3.4倍以上，同时可有效节约人工成本并减少或避免施用除草剂。经大面积修复实例验证发现，采用质量达到或高于Ⅱ级的伴矿景天种苗进行修复，120 d内Cd净移除量可达222.35 g/hm²，其修复效果达到或高于前人试验中6～8个月的修复效果。综上所述，本研究评价了种苗质量性状标准，根据此标准筛选出的出圃种苗可显著提高修复效率、降低修复成本，为实现伴矿景天修复过程标准化、机械化提供了依据。

关键词： 植物修复; 伴矿景天; 种苗质量; 镉净移除量; 修复效率; 修复成本

Abstract:

This paper studied the effects of different seedling quality traits of Sedum plumbizincicola on the removal rate of cadmium (Cd). By the methods of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and clustering analysis, it was found that seedling quality had a great impact on Cd removal efficiency and remediation cost, and stem diameter, branch number, seedling height and Cd content were the important indexes to determine the quality of seedlings. The shoot Cd uptake of the Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade seedling with stem diameter≥5.0 mm, branch number per plant≥2, seedling height≥6.0 cm and seedling Cd content≤5 mg/kg, was more than 200 g/hm² after 90 d of planting. The remediation efficiencies of the Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade seedlings were over 3.4 times higher than the Ⅳ grade seedling (stem diameter＜4.0 mm, branch number per plant of 0-1, seedling height＜6.0 cm, seedling Cd content≤5 mg/kg), and using Ⅰ and Ⅱ grade seedlings could effectively save labor cost, and reduce or avoid herbicide application. A case of large-area heavy metal contaminated soil remediation was carried out to test this quality classification standard for S. plumbizincicola seedlings, and it was found that the shoot Cd uptake of the Ⅰ or Ⅱ grade seedling was 222.35 g/hm²after 120 d of planting, and the remediation effect could reach or even higher than that of 6-8 months in previous experiments. In summary, the high-quality S. plumbizincicola seedlings is an important basis for improving remediation efficiency and reducing remediation cost. This study clarifies the quality traits and remediation efficiencies of different grades of seedlings. This standard for grading S. plumbizincicola seedlings is helpful to promote the standardization and mechanization of remediating heavy metal contaminated soil with this plant.

Key words: phytoremediation Sedum plumbizincicola seedling quality Cd uptake remediation efficiency remediation cost

收稿日期: 2021-06-16 出版日期: 2022-09-03

CLC:

X 53

基金资助: 长沙市科技计划项目(kq1907054);长沙市科技重大专项(kq2006026);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801504)

通讯作者: 陈锦 E-mail: 419452940@qq.com;330792864@qq.com

作者简介: 戴艳娇（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9635-5994），E-mail：419452940@qq.com

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引用本文:

戴艳娇,贺爱国,胡志鑫,柏连阳,赵硕,聂阳阳,陈锦. 植物修复用伴矿景天种苗质量分级标准研究[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(4): 473-482.

Yanjiao DAI,Aiguo HE,Zhixin HU,Lianyang BAI,Shuo ZHAO,Yangyang NIE,Jin CHEN. Study of quality grading standards on Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings for phytoremediation. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(4): 473-482.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.06.161 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I4/473

表1 供试土壤基本理化性质

表2 伴矿景天种苗农艺性状统计

表3 伴矿景天种苗农艺性状的相关性分析

表4 伴矿景天种苗质量指标主成分分析

表5 伴矿景天种苗分级最终聚类中心

表6 伴矿景天种苗分级标准（农艺性状）

表7 不同等级伴矿景天种苗的壮苗指数和生物量

图1 种植90 d后不同等级伴矿景天种苗地上部干物质量（A）及成活率（B）短栅上不同小写和大写字母表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平差异有统计学和高度统计学意义。图3同。

图2 种植90 d后不同等级伴矿景天种苗单株分枝情况短栅上不同小写和大写字母表示同级分枝在不同种苗等级间在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平差异有统计学和高度统计学意义。

图3 不同等级伴矿景天种苗修复90 d后Cd移除情况

表8 修复120 d后伴矿景天Cd移除情况

表9 伴矿景天种苗质量分级标准

表10 不同栽培条件下伴矿景天修复效果

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