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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2024, Vol. 50 Issue (2): 258-269    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.121
研究论文     
中国水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域模拟
张立冬1,2(),邢凯峰1,2,朱仔伟1,2,3,4,张剑1,2,3,戎俊1,2,3,4,赵耀1,2,3()
1.南昌大学生命科学学院，江西 南昌 330031
2.鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室（南昌大学），江西 南昌 330031
3.江西鄱阳湖湿地保护与恢复国家长期科研基地/江西鄱阳湖湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站，江西 南昌 330031
4.江西省林业科学院，江西 南昌 330013
Simulating diversity hotspots of wild relatives of aquatic vegetable crops in China
Lidong ZHANG1,2(),Kaifeng XING1,2,Ziwei ZHU1,2,3,4,Jian ZHANG1,2,3,Jun RONG1,2,3,4,Yao ZHAO1,2,3()
1.School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
2.Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization (Nanchang University), Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
3.Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base/National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
4.Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
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摘要：

水生蔬菜作物是长江流域农耕文明驯化作物中的独特类群，其野生近缘种是育种和品种改良的宝贵遗传资源。本研究从中国植物+物种信息系统和中国数字植物标本馆获取了10种水生蔬菜作物的36个野生近缘种的地理分布数据并进行了校对，结合相应的气候因子数据，使用最大熵模型（maximum entropy model, MaxEnt）构建生态位模型，并对物种未来分布变化进行预测。结果表明：水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域主要位于长江中下游的洞庭湖和鄱阳湖流域，与长江流域农耕文明起源地相重合，表明农耕文明对植物资源的就近利用。在未来升温的气候情景下，水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种适宜分布热点区域可能会进一步扩张，多样性热点区域中心向高纬度地区迁移，这有利于水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性的维持和提升，并为其保护提供了理论依据。
关键词： 水生蔬菜作物;  野生近缘种;  多样性热点区域;  最大熵模型;  气候变化    
Abstract:

Aquatic vegetable crops are a unique group of domesticated crops from the farming civilization of the Yangtze River Basin, and their wild relatives are valuable genetic resources for breeding and variety improvement. This study utilized online database information from the iPlant and the Chinese Virtual Herbarium to obtain the geographical distribution data of 36 wild relatives of 10 aquatic vegetable crops. We used the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to construct an ecological niche model in conjunction with climatic factor data to predict future changes in species distributions. The results revealed that diversity hotspots for these wild relatives are concentrated in the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake basins, aligning with the origin of the Yangtze River Basin farming civilization, indicating a historical proximity between the civilization and its plant resources. Under the climate scenario of future warming, the suitable distribution hotspots of wild relatives of aquatic vegetable crops may expand further, and the centers of diversity hotspots may migrate to high latitudes. This scenario could favor the maintenance and enhancement of wild relatives’ diversity, providing a theoretical basis for their conservation.
Key words: aquatic vegetable crops    wild relatives    diversity hotspots    maximum entropy model    climate change
收稿日期: 2023-12-12 出版日期: 2024-04-25
CLC:  Q948  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目(32260091);江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB205029);江西省研究生创新专项(YC2023-S001)
通讯作者: 赵耀     E-mail: 405600220130@email.ncu.edu.cn;yaozhao@ncu.edu.cn
作者简介: 张立冬（https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8141-881X），E-mail：405600220130@email.ncu.edu.cn
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张立冬
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引用本文:

张立冬,邢凯峰,朱仔伟,张剑,戎俊,赵耀. 中国水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域模拟[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2024, 50(2): 258-269.

Lidong ZHANG,Kaifeng XING,Ziwei ZHU,Jian ZHANG,Jun RONG,Yao ZHAO. Simulating diversity hotspots of wild relatives of aquatic vegetable crops in China. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2024, 50(2): 258-269.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.12.121    或    https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2024/V50/I2/258

序号

No.

栽培蔬菜

Cultivated

vegetable

属 Genus

野生近缘种数量

Number of wild

relatives

中文名

Chinese

name

拉丁名

Latin

name

1荸荠荸荠属Eleocharis14
2芋头芋属Colocasia3
3茭白菰属Zizania1
4莲藕莲属Nelumbo1
5菱角菱属Trapa2
6慈姑慈姑属Sagittaria3
7莼菜莼菜属Brasenia1
8水芹水芹属Oenanthe6
9蕹菜番薯属Ipomoea4
10芡实芡属Euryale1
表1  水生蔬菜作物名录

变量

Variable

描述

Description

单位

Unit

Bio1年平均温度℃
Bio2昼夜温差月均值℃
Bio3等温性
Bio4温度季节变化
Bio5最热月份最高温℃
Bio6最冷月份最低温℃
Bio7年温度变化范围℃
Bio8最湿季节平均温度℃
Bio9最干季节平均温度℃
Bio10最热季节平均温度℃
Bio11最冷季节平均温度℃
Bio12年均降水量mm
Bio13最湿月份降水量mm
Bio14最干月份降水量mm
Bio15降水量的季节性变异系数
Bio16最湿季节降水量mm
Bio17最干季节降水量mm
Bio18最热季节降水量mm
Bio19最冷季节降水量mm
表2  19个环境气候变量及其描述

物种

Species

AUC值

AUC value

物种

Species

AUC值

AUC value

荸荠 Eleocharis dulcis0.944莲 Nelumbo nucifera0.923
单鳞苞荸荠 Eleocharis uniglumis0.824欧菱 Trapa natans0.806
渐尖穗荸荠 Eleocharis attenuata0.944细果野菱 Trapa incisa0.861
具槽秆荸荠 Eleocharis valleculosa0.923矮慈姑 Sagittaria pygmaea0.893
龙师草 Eleocharis tetraquetra0.939浮叶慈姑 Sagittaria natans0.942
卵穗荸荠 Eleocharis ovata0.859慈姑 Sagittaria trifolia0.877
密花荸荠 Eleocharis congesta0.906芡实 Euryale ferox0.890
牛毛毡 Eleocharis yokoscensis0.935莼菜 Brasenia schreberi0.893
乳头基荸荠 Eleocharis mamillata0.950短辐水芹 Oenanthe benghalensis0.869
少花荸荠 Eleocharis quinqueflora0.940线叶水芹 Oenanthe linearis0.950
透明鳞荸荠 Eleocharis pellucida0.974高山水芹 Oenanthe hookeri0.958
云南荸荠 Eleocharis yunnanensis0.972水芹 Oenanthe javanica0.900
沼泽荸荠 Eleocharis palustris0.654蒙自水芹 Oenanthe linearis0.961
紫果蔺 Eleocharis atropurpurea0.990多裂叶水芹 Oenanthe thomsonii0.939
假芋 Colocasia fallax0.949蕹菜 Ipomoea aquatica0.942
野芋 Colocasia antiquorum0.942五爪金龙 Ipomoea cairica0.983
芋 Colocasia esculenta0.942小心叶薯 Ipomoea obscura0.989
菰 Zizania latifolia0.882厚藤 Ipomoea pes-caprae0.990
表3  MaxEnt模型模拟水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种在1970—2000年分布的预测准确性
图1  水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种在1970—2000 年的分布概率图
图2  水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域在1970—2000年的分布图（未加权绝对值）
图3  水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域在1970—2000年的分布图（加权后相对值）

物种数量1）

Number of species1)

区域面积 Area size/104 km2
1970—20002060—2080
[0, 2.0)781.485699.417
[2.0, 2.5)63.57748.695
[2.5, 3.0)72.22950.268
[3.0, 3.5)34.215104.667
≥3.58.49356.953
表4  各时期水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域面积
图4  SSP2-4.5情景下水生蔬菜作物野生近缘种多样性热点区域在2060—2080年的分布图（加权后相对值）
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