秸秆焚烧对白叶枯病稻田中致病菌和抗生素抗性基因的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.01.131

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2023, Vol. 49

Issue (6): 840-852 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.01.131

资源利用与环境保护

秸秆焚烧对白叶枯病稻田中致病菌和抗生素抗性基因的影响

王彬浩^1,²(

),陈彦博^1,²,刘荣杰³,王冬群⁴,董作珍⁵,狄蕊⁶,王笑⁷,吴愉萍⁸(

)

^1.浙江大学环境与资源学院，浙江杭州 310058
^2.浙江大学杭州国际科创中心，浙江杭州 311200
^3.宁海县农业技术推广站，浙江宁波 315600
^4.慈溪市农业监测中心，浙江宁波 315300
^5.宁波市海曙区农业技术管理服务站，浙江宁波 315012
^6.宁波市镇海区农业技术推广总站，浙江宁波 315200
^7.宁波市江北区农业技术推广服务站，浙江宁波 315033
^8.宁波市农业农村绿色发展中心，浙江宁波 315012

Effects of straw burning on pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in paddy fields with bacterial leaf blight

Binhao WANG^1,²(

),Yanbo CHEN^1,²,Rongjie LIU³,Dongqun WANG⁴,Zuozhen DONG⁵,Rui DI⁶,Xiao WANG⁷,Yuping WU⁸(

)

^1.College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
^2.Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
^3.Ninghai Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Ningbo 315600, Zhejiang, China
^4.Cixi Agricultural Monitoring Center, Ningbo 315300, Zhejiang, China
^5.Agricultural Technology Management and Service Station of Haishu District in Ningbo, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China
^6.Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Zhenhai District in Ningbo, Ningbo 315200, Zhejiang, China
^7.Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station of Jiangbei District in Ningbo, Ningbo 315033, Zhejiang, China
^8.Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang, China

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摘要：

白叶枯病是水稻的重要病害之一。为了解秸秆焚烧对稻田土壤中病原菌和抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs）的影响，从浙江省宁波市水稻白叶枯病暴发区分别采集土壤和稻茬样品，并对采集的样品进行宏基因组高通量测序。结果表明：稻茬内致病菌相对丰度显著高于土壤，秸秆焚烧后土壤中除了速效钾含量显著升高，其他理化特性变化不明显。秸秆焚烧前后致病菌群落多样性总体上差异不明显，但是秸秆焚烧导致稻茬内水稻黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas oryzae）的相对丰度急剧降低。秸秆焚烧后土壤和稻茬内ARGs相对丰度提高，但与秸秆焚烧前差异不显著（P＞0.05），而稻茬内移动基因元件（mobile genetic elements, MGEs）相对丰度显著降低（P＜0.05）。此外，秸秆焚烧后致病菌和ARGs共存网络中正相关连接数占比有所下降。曼特尔（Mantel）分析表明：含水量（r=0.642，p＜0.01）、pH值（r=0.582，p＜0.05）、总有机碳含量（r=0.325，p＜0.05）、总氮含量（r=0.570，p＜0.01）和有效磷含量（r=0.311，p＜0.05）与土壤ARGs组成密切相关；而溶解有机碳含量（r=0.275，p＜0.05）和速效钾含量（r=0.312，p＜0.05）与稻茬内ARGs组成相关，且溶解有机碳含量（r=0.201，p＜0.05）显著影响稻茬内致病菌群落结构。综上所述，秸秆焚烧降低了稻茬内水稻黄单胞菌的相对丰度，暗示可以通过秸秆焚烧防控水稻白叶枯病；同时，致病菌和ARGs正相关共存关系的减弱和MGEs相对丰度的降低也表明秸秆焚烧可能遏制潜在耐药致病菌的形成。鉴于对土壤生物复合污染影响的复杂性，秸秆焚烧对稻田致病菌和抗生素抗性基因的影响还需要长期定位试验来进一步探讨。

关键词： 秸秆焚烧; 白叶枯病; 致病菌; 抗生素抗性基因

Abstract:

Bacterial leaf blight in rice is a significant disease, and understanding the effects of straw burning on pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in paddy fields is crucial. Soil and rice stubble samples were collected from bacterial leaf blight outbreak areas in Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province, and these samples were subjected to high-throughput metagenomic sequencing to investigate the effects of straw burning. The results indicated that the relative abundance of pathogens in the rice stubble was significantly higher than that in the soil. After straw burning, except for the significant increase in available potassium content, there were no significant changes in the other physicochemical properties of the soil. Overall, there were no significant differences in pathogen community diversity after straw burning, but straw burning led to a sharp decrease in the relative abundance of Xanthomonas oryzae in the rice stubble. The relative abundances of ARGs in the soil and rice stubble increased after straw burning, but there were no significant differences compared with those before straw burning (P＞0.05), while the relative abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the rice stubble decreased significantly after straw burning (P＜0.05). The proportion of positively correlated links in the coexisting networks of pathogens-ARGs decreased after straw burning. Mantel analysis revealed that the water content (r=0.642, p＜0.01), pH value (r=0.582, p＜0.05), total organic carbon content (r=0.325, p＜0.05), total nitrogen content (r=0.570, p＜0.01), and available phosphorus content (r=0.311, p＜0.05) were closely related to the soil ARG subtypes; the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content (r=0.275, p＜0.05) and available potassium content (r=0.312, p＜0.05) were correlated with the ARG subtypes, and the DOC content (r=0.201, p＜0.05) significantly affected the pathogen community structure in the rice stubble. In summary, straw burning can reduce the relative abundance of X. oryzae in the rice stubble, which suggests that it may be a viable option for preventing and controlling rice bacterial leaf blight; moreover, a reduction in the positive correlation ratio of pathogens-ARGs and in the relative abundance of MGEs after straw burning may inhibit the formation of potentially resistant pathogens. However, given the complexity of soil biological compound pollution, the effects of straw burning on pathogens and ARGs in paddy fields need to be further explored by long-term location experiments.

Key words: straw burning bacterial leaf blight pathogens antibiotic resistance genes

收稿日期: 2023-01-13 出版日期: 2023-12-25

CLC:

S182

基金资助: 浙江省宁波市农业技术推广项目(2021NT009);浙江省宁波市江北区科技计划项目(2021B01)

通讯作者: 吴愉萍 E-mail: wangbh7@zju.edu.cn;a_angelfish@163.com

作者简介: 王彬浩（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8182-8261），E-mail：wangbh7@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

王彬浩,陈彦博,刘荣杰,王冬群,董作珍,狄蕊,王笑,吴愉萍. 秸秆焚烧对白叶枯病稻田中致病菌和抗生素抗性基因的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2023, 49(6): 840-852.

Binhao WANG,Yanbo CHEN,Rongjie LIU,Dongqun WANG,Zuozhen DONG,Rui DI,Xiao WANG,Yuping WU. Effects of straw burning on pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in paddy fields with bacterial leaf blight. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2023, 49(6): 840-852.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2023.01.131 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2023/V49/I6/840

表1 研究区域和样品采集

图1 秸秆焚烧前后土壤理化性质的变化短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。下同。

图2 秸秆焚烧前后土壤（A、B）和稻茬（C、D）致病菌丰度占比及主要致病菌属的相对丰度

图3 秸秆焚烧前后黄单胞菌的相对丰度变化A.属水平；B.种水平。

图4 秸秆焚烧前后致病菌群落组成差异A、C. α多样性；B、D. β多样性。

图5 秸秆焚烧前后土壤（A～C）和稻茬（D～F）内抗生素抗性基因总体特征及其相对丰度变化和移动基因元件相对丰度变化

图6 秸秆焚烧前后ARGs、MGEs相对丰度与致病菌相对丰度的相关性分析

图7 秸秆焚烧前后土壤（A～C）和稻茬（D～F）内致病菌和ARGs共存分析及其共存网络拓扑特征与土壤理化因子的相关性分析*表示在P＜0.05水平显著相关。

图8 土壤和稻茬内致病菌群落结构（A）和ARGs组成（B）与土壤理化因子的相关性分析线条颜色表示曼特尔（Mantel）检验统计显著性，线条宽度表示曼特尔检验统计量；环境因素之间的相关性用颜色梯度显示。

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