苹果管道输送装置参数优化与试验

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.07.191

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2022, Vol. 48

Issue (5): 660-670 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.07.191

农业工程

苹果管道输送装置参数优化与试验

陈春皓(

),李建平(

),边永亮,吕林硕,薛春林

河北农业大学机电工程学院，河北保定 071000

Parameter optimization and test of an apple pipeline transportation device

Chunhao CHEN(

),Jianping LI(

),Yongliang BIAN,Linshuo Lü,Chunlin XUE

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China

全文: PDF(4133 KB) HTML

摘要：

针对果农采摘果树高层苹果效率低的问题，设计了一种辅助人工采摘的管道输送装置。为优化该装置的输送参数，建立了撞击力测试试验台，并以‘富士’苹果为研究对象，分析果径为80～90 mm的苹果从3 m高度沿管道输送至果箱处的撞击力及受到的机械损伤。以管道内衬种类、内衬厚度、防撞垫厚度为试验因素，以苹果落入果箱时的撞击力及损伤体积为指标，在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面试验。单因素试验结果表明，珍珠棉内衬材料对苹果的保护作用相对较好，撞击力与损伤体积均分别随内衬厚度和防撞垫厚度的增加呈逐渐减小的趋势。响应面试验结果表明，内衬种类为珍珠棉，内衬厚度为10 mm，防撞垫厚度为8 mm是最优输送参数组合，在该条件下，苹果落入果箱时的撞击力为4.99～5.47 N，损伤体积为275.02～300.52 mm³。经过试验验证，苹果的撞击力与损伤体积的误差均在5%以内，说明管道输送参数优化结果可靠。

关键词： 苹果采摘; 管道输送; 撞击力; 损伤体积; 单因素试验; 响应面试验

Abstract:

In view of the low efficiency of picking high-level apples from fruit trees by fruit farmers, a pipeline transportation device for assisting manual picking was designed. In order to optimize the transportation parameters of the device, a test bench for impact force was established. Taking 'Fuji' apples as the research object, the impact force and mechanical damage of 'Fuji' apples with a fruit diameter of 80-90 mm from a height of 3 m along the pipeline to the fruit box were analyzed. Taking the type of pipeline lining, the lining thickness, and the crash pad thickness as the test factors, and the impact force and damage volume of apples when they fell into the fruit box as the indexes, the response surface test was carried out on the basis of the single factor test. The results of single factor test showed that the pearl cotton material had a relatively good protective effect on apples. The impact force and damage volume gradually decreased with the increase of the lining thickness, and gradually decreased with the increase of the crash pad thickness. The results of the response surface test showed that the optimal combination of transportation parameters was as follows: the lining type was pearl cotton, and the lining thickness was 10 mm, and the crash pad thickness was 8 mm. At the optimal combination conditions, the impact force when the apple fell into the fruit box was 4.99-5.47 N, and the damage volume was 275.02-300.52 mm³. The results of verification test showed that the errors of the impact force and the damage volume of apple were both less than 5%, indicating that the optimization results of pipeline transportation parameters are reliable.

Key words: apple harvest pipeline transportation impact force damage volume single factor test response surface test

收稿日期: 2021-07-19 出版日期: 2022-11-02

CLC:

S 225.93

基金资助: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-27);河北省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队果园装备岗项目(HBCT2018100205)

通讯作者: 李建平 E-mail: chenchunhao1998@163.com;ljpnd327@126.com

作者简介: 陈春皓（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-8726），E-mail：chenchunhao1998@163.com

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引用本文:

陈春皓,李建平,边永亮,吕林硕,薛春林. 苹果管道输送装置参数优化与试验[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2022, 48(5): 660-670.

Chunhao CHEN,Jianping LI,Yongliang BIAN,Linshuo Lü,Chunlin XUE. Parameter optimization and test of an apple pipeline transportation device. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2022, 48(5): 660-670.

链接本文:

https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2021.07.191 或 https://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2022/V48/I5/660

图1 撞击力测试试验台1：输送管道；2：管道内衬；3：‘富士’苹果；4：防撞垫；5：数显推拉力计；6：试验底座；7：电脑；8：苹果损伤观测台；9：台架。

图2 苹果输送过程中的受力分析1：苹果；2：管道内衬；G：苹果所受的重力；FN：隆起后的内衬对苹果的支撑力；f：输送管道与苹果间的摩擦力；β：摩擦力与输送管道壁间的夹角；θ：输送管道与地面间的夹角。

图3 苹果落入果箱时的受力分析1：初始位置的苹果；2：落在防撞垫上的苹果；3：防撞垫；a：苹果由管道输送后的加速度；G：苹果所受的重力；FN1：隆起后的防撞垫对苹果的支撑力；θ：输送管道与地面间的夹角。

图4 内衬材料种类A.气泡膜；B.珍珠棉；C.海绵。

表1 试验因素和水平编码

图5 苹果损伤测试示意图A.苹果损伤横切图；B.苹果损伤纵切图。ω1：损伤表面的长轴；ω2：损伤表面的短轴；d1：损伤深度；d2：果皮表面到损伤顶部的距离。

表2 内衬种类对苹果管道输送参数的影响

表3 内衬厚度对苹果管道输送参数的影响

表4 防撞垫厚度对苹果管道输送参数的影响

表5 响应面试验方案及结果

表6 回归模型的方差分析

图6 各因素交互作用对苹果撞击力的影响A. X1=0；B. X2=0；C. X3=0。图7同。

图7 各因素交互作用对苹果损伤体积的影响

图8 苹果损伤对比图A.苹果经无缓冲输送后的损伤；B.苹果经缓冲输送后的损伤。

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