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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 89-97    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.021
资源利用与环境保护     
模拟柴油污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响
肖玖金1,2(),杨礼通3,杨智富2,冯秋红1,陈良华1,2,胡宗达4()
1.四川农业大学林学院，森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室，成都 610081
2.四川农业大学生态林业研究所，成都 611130
3.彭州市国有林场，成都 611930
4.四川农业大学资源学院，成都 611130
Effects of simulated diesel contamination on soil fauna community
Jiujin XIAO1,2(),Litong YANG3,Zhifu YANG2,Qiuhong FENG1,Lianghua CHEN1,2,Zongda HU4()
1.Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecological Restoration in Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610081, China
2.Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
3.State-Owned Forest Farm of Pengzhou, Chengdu 611930, China
4.College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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摘要：

为研究柴油污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响，共设置5个模拟柴油污染梯度，采用手捡和干湿漏斗分离法对土壤动物群落进行调查。结果表明：试验共捕获土壤动物21 135只，隶属于3门9纲20目54个类群，以线虫纲和蜘蛛目为优势类群，分别占总捕获量的54.88%和14.82%，其中，线虫纲最高占比达70.94%（7月的240 g/m2柴油污染量处理组），最低为36.15%（8月的对照组，柴油污染量为0 g/m2）。与同期对照相比，柴油污染降低了土壤动物的多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数，这些指数在同一时间下随污染量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势。柴油污染增加了土壤动物平均密度和类群数的月动态变化幅度，且各月土壤动物密度随柴油污染量的增加而下降；同时，柴油污染改变了土壤动物群落垂直分布规律，破坏了土壤动物个体数的“表聚性”分布特征，部分样地土壤动物数量甚至出现“逆层分布”现象，但随着污染时间的推移，表层土壤动物群落逐渐得到恢复。而土壤动物类群在土层中的分布规律受影响较小，表明柴油污染对土壤动物个体数的影响更大。
关键词： 模拟柴油污染;  土壤动物群落;  月变化;  土壤生态系统    
Abstract:

Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystem, which plays a significant role in the decomposition of biological remains, soil properties and the enhancement of material recycling and energy conversion in soils. This study aimed to find the changes of soil fauna community with different diesel concentration levels, and to investigate the response of soil fauna community to diesel contamination. Five different diesel contamination levels were conducted in the filed which was located in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Soil macro-fauna were picked up by hand and investigated by dry-wet funnel method. A total of 21 135 individuals of soil fauna, belonging to three phyla, nine classes, 20 orders and 54 groups, were collected. Nematoda and Araneae were the dominant groups, which counting for 54.88% and 14.82%, respectively, of the total. The highest percentage of nematoda was found in the treatment with 240 g/m2 diesel in July, which counted for 70.94%, and the lowest was found in the control treatment (CK, 0 g/m2 diesel) in August, which counted for 36.15%. Compared with the CK, diesel contamination decreased Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Margalef index, which showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the diesel contamination level increasing in the same month. The monthly dynamic variation ranges of density and group number of soil fauna increased because of diesel contamination, and the soil fauna density decreased with the diesel contamination level increasing in each month. The vertical distribution rule of soil fauna was changed by diesel contamination, and the characteristics of gathering on soil surface were destroyed, even the inverse distribution was found in some plots. Meanwhile, the soil fauna community recovered with the time passing by. Compared with soil fauna groups, soil fauna density was easier affected by the diesel contamination levels.
Key words: simulated diesel contamination    soil fauna community    monthly dynamic    soil ecosystem
收稿日期: 2020-04-02 出版日期: 2021-03-09
CLC:  X  
基金资助: 森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室开放课题(2019KFKT02);四川省科技计划(2019YJ0427);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31400457);四川省景观与游憩研究中心资助项目(JGYQ2018032)
通讯作者: 胡宗达     E-mail: j.xiao@sicau.edu.cn;huzd98@163.com
作者简介: 肖玖金（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4754-1168），Tel：+86-28-86291456，E-mail：j.xiao@sicau.edu.cn
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肖玖金
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引用本文:

肖玖金,杨礼通,杨智富,冯秋红,陈良华,胡宗达. 模拟柴油污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(1): 89-97.

Jiujin XIAO,Litong YANG,Zhifu YANG,Qiuhong FENG,Lianghua CHEN,Zongda HU. Effects of simulated diesel contamination on soil fauna community. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(1): 89-97.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.04.021    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I1/89

图1  不同柴油污染量下0～15 cm土层土壤动物优势、常见和稀有类群数目CK：0 g/m2柴油；CY30：30 g/m2柴油；CY60：60 g/m2柴油；CY120：120 g/m2柴油；CY240：240 g/m2柴油。
图2  不同柴油污染量下0～15 cm土层土壤动物多样性特征各处理符号表示的含义见图1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示在相同月份不同柴油污染量间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=6。
图3  不同柴油污染量下0～15 cm土层土壤动物密度和类群数目各处理符号表示的含义见图1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示在相同月份不同柴油污染量间在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义；n=6。
图4  不同柴油污染量下不同土层土壤动物类群垂直分布特征各处理符号表示的含义见图1注。
图5  不同柴油污染量下土壤动物密度垂直分布特征各处理符号表示的含义见图1注。
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