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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2021, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 98-106    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.122
资源利用与环境保护     
一种内源性复合微生物菌剂的特性及其固定化对猪场粪污水的处理效果
尤新新(),王晟,都林娜()
温州科技职业学院，浙江 温州 325006
Characteristics of an endogenous compound microbial inoculant and its immobilization effect on wastewater treatment from pig feedlots
Xinxin YOU(),Sheng WANG,Linna DU()
Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang, China
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摘要：

以规模化猪场粪污水为研究对象，以污水原液为主要营养来源，通过富集内源性土著微生物得到复合微生物菌剂（WKM），并分析监测其在污水处理过程中对猪场粪污水化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand, COD）和氨氮的削减效果。结果表明：投加WKM处理3 d后，猪场粪污水（ZW）中COD和氨氮去除率分别达94.8%和61.8%。通过高通量测序发现：复合微生物菌剂中主要微生物种类属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）；在属水平上，其主要的微生物种类属于白色杆菌属（Leucobacter）、卡斯特兰尼菌属（Castellaniella）、Camelimonas属、Moheibacter属、亚硝化单胞菌属（Nitrosomonas）、Cloacibacillus属和尼古丁降解菌属（Pusillimonas），丰度比例约为2∶2∶2∶2∶1.5∶1.5∶1。基于直系同源蛋白簇（clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, COG）功能分布预测表明：复合微生物菌剂WKM的微生物功能结构中，氨基酸转运和代谢（［E］）、能量产生与转化（［C］）、碳水化合物转运和代谢（［G］）、无机离子转运和代谢（［P］）、辅酶转运和代谢（［H］）的功能丰度相对较高，对含高浓度的氨氮和有机污染物的猪场粪污水中蛋白质及脂类等有机物质的转换起到了重要作用。在猪场粪污水（ZR）中，经麸皮固定化后的复合微生物菌剂对COD的去除率进一步提高，极显著高于无添加组（P＜0.01）和显著高于WKM组（P＜0.05）。通过固定化配比优化实验得出：按照质量体积比1∶50的比例混合的麸皮和复合微生物菌剂对COD的去除效果最佳，高达89.4%（P＜0.05）。综上所述，本研究制备获得的麸皮固定化复合微生物菌剂在猪场粪污水的除污处理中具有潜在的应用和实践价值。
关键词： 猪场粪污水;  内源性复合微生物菌剂;  高通量测序;  麸皮固定化    
Abstract:

Taking the wastewater from large-scale pig feedlots as the research object and the original wastewater as the main nutrient source, an endogenous compound microbial inoculant was successfully prepared by the enrichment method, which was named as WKM, and its removal effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen in the process of wastewater treatment from pig feedlots were analyzed and monitored. The results showed that the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the pig feedlot wastewater (ZW) were 94.8% and 61.8%, respectively, after 3 d by adding the WKM. The high-throughput sequencing results indicated that the main microbial species of WKM belonged to Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level. The main microbial species at the genus levelbelonged to Leucobacter, Castellaniella, Camelimonas, Moheibacter, Nitrosomonas, Cloacibacillus and Pusillimonas, of which the mass ratio was approximately 2∶2∶2∶2∶1.5∶1.5∶1. The results based on the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COG) analysis showed the abundances of amino acid transport and metabolism ([E]), energy production and conversion ([C]), carbohydrate transport and metabolism ([G]), inorganic ion transport and metabolism ([P]) and coenzyme transport and metabolism ([H]) were relatively high, which played an essential role in the conversion of organic substances such as proteins and lipids in the pig feedlot wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and organic pollutants. Furthermore, the endogenous compound microbial inoculant immobilized with wheat bran showed a higher removal efficiency for COD in the pig feedlot wastewater (ZR), compared with the non-addition group (P＜0.01) and WKM group (P＜0.05). Besides, one-way analysis of variance showed that the immobilization ratio of 1∶50 (mass/volume) of wheat bran to compound microbial inoculant had the highest removal efficiency in COD (P＜0.05) among all the treatments, reaching to 89.4% in the pig feedlot wastewater (ZR). To sum up, the endogenous compound microbial inoculant immobilized with wheat bran has potential application prospect and practical value at wastewater treatment from pig feedlots.
Key words: wastewater from pig feedlots    endogenous compound microbial inoculant    high-throughput sequencing    wheat bran immobilization
收稿日期: 2020-03-12 出版日期: 2021-03-09
CLC:  X  
基金资助: 浙江省温州市重大科技专项(ZS2017001);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGF18E090007);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y201942587)
通讯作者: 都林娜     E-mail: luckyxinyou@163.com;dlg1314@126.com
作者简介: 尤新新（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2441-0341），E-mail：luckyxinyou@163.com
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尤新新
王晟
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引用本文:

尤新新,王晟,都林娜. 一种内源性复合微生物菌剂的特性及其固定化对猪场粪污水的处理效果[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2021, 47(1): 98-106.

Xinxin YOU,Sheng WANG,Linna DU. Characteristics of an endogenous compound microbial inoculant and its immobilization effect on wastewater treatment from pig feedlots. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2021, 47(1): 98-106.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2020.03.122    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2021/V47/I1/98

图1  固定化复合微生物菌剂对猪场粪污水中COD和氨氮的去除效果WB：麸皮；WKM：复合微生物菌剂；CK：无添加。*和**分别表示在P＜0.05和P＜0.01水平差异有统计学和高度统计学意义。
图2  复合微生物菌剂（WKM-1、WKM-2、WKM-3）的分类和系统发育信息图图中心是丰度高的前100个物种的进化分类树，其中丰度较高的前20个物种（以星号标出）所对应的门按不同的颜色标出，圈和星号的大小代表丰度的高低。外围环为热力环，每一环为一个样本（组），每个样本对应一种颜色，颜色深浅随物种丰度高低变化。
图3  复合微生物菌剂（WKM-1、WKM-2、WKM-3）物种丰度热图
图4  复合微生物菌剂（WKM-1、WKM-2、WKM-3）基于直系同源蛋白簇（COG）的功能丰度热图
图5  不同比例麸皮与复合微生物菌剂固定对猪场粪污水COD和氨氮的去除效果*表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。
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