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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (1): 47-54    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.08.121
研究论文     
不同包装结构对蓝莓压差预冷效果的影响
王达1,2(),杨相政1(),贾斌广1,吴茂玉1
1.中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究院，济南 250200
2.山东大学能源与动力工程学院，济南 250061
Influence of different packaging structures on forced air pre-cooling effect of blueberry
Da WANG1,2(),Xiangzheng YANG1(),Binguang JIA1,Maoyu WU1
1.Jinan Fruits Research Institute, All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Jinan 250200, China
2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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摘要：

针对现有小果径果蔬预冷包装压力损失大、温度不均匀、降温速度慢等问题，利用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）软件，以目前通用的蓝莓采摘、预冷、贮藏包装箱为研究对象，建立4种箱体结构的数学模型，探究在相同开孔率下，梯形孔高度对蓝莓预冷效果的影响。结果表明：总开孔率一定时，梯形高度与预冷时间呈正相关关系，4种箱体预冷时间变化趋势为箱体1＞箱体2＞箱体4＞箱体3；4个箱体的压力损失、预冷不均匀度与容积率的变化趋势一致，均为箱体4＞箱体3>箱体2＞箱体1，即压力损失、不均匀度、容积率与梯形高度呈负相关关系。梯形高度从20 mm增加到34 mm时，预冷时间、压力损失、不均匀度和容积率变化率分别为6.98%、24.10%、28.10%与23.30%。总之，蓝莓预冷箱体的选择需要综合考虑预冷时间、压力损失、均匀度与容积率因素，若是想实现快速预冷和预冷过程中的高容积率，则选择箱体3或者箱体4；若是想减少压差风机的能耗，提高预冷均匀性，则选择箱体1或者箱体2。
关键词： 压差预冷;  蓝莓;  预冷箱体;  不均匀度;  压力损失    
Abstract:

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the large pressure loss, temperature unevenness and slow cooling rate, a packaging system which was suitable for the small diameter fruit of pre-cooling was discussed by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The mathematical models of four types of packaging systems were established, taking the current harvesting, pre-cooling and storage boxes of blueberry as the research objects to investigate the influence of height of trapezoidal hole on the pre-cooling effect of blueberry when the opening rate was constant. The results indicated that the change trend of pre-cooling time of the four types of packaging systems was box 1 ＞ box 2 ＞ box 4 ＞ box 3, and the pre-cooling time and the height of the trapezoidal hole showed the positive correlation; the change trend of pressure loss, unevenness and plot ratio were the same, all of which were box 4 ＞ box 3 ＞ box 2 ＞ box 1, and there was negative correlation between the pressure loss, unevenness, plot ratio and the height of the trapezoidal hole. The change rate of pre-cooling time, pressure loss, unevenness and plot ratio were 6.98%, 24.10%, 28.10% and 23.30%, respectively, when the trapezoidal height increased from 20 mm to 34 mm. In general, pre-cooling time, pressure loss, unevenness and plot ratio should be comprehensive considered when the packaging systems of blueberry are chosen. Box 3 or 4 should be opted, if highly cooling rate and plot ratio are carried out. Contrarily，box 1 or 2 are a better choice，if the operators want to decrease energy consumption and increase uniformity of blueberry on pre-cooling.
Key words: forced air pre-cooling    blueberry    pre-cooling packaging system    unevenness    pressure loss
收稿日期: 2019-08-12 出版日期: 2020-02-25
CLC:  TS 255.36  
基金资助: “十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0401303)
通讯作者: 杨相政     E-mail: wangda19910@163.com;yangxiangzheng318@163.com
作者简介: 王达（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-3190），E-mail：wangda19910@163.com
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引用本文:

王达,杨相政,贾斌广,吴茂玉. 不同包装结构对蓝莓压差预冷效果的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(1): 47-54.

Da WANG,Xiangzheng YANG,Binguang JIA,Maoyu WU. Influence of different packaging structures on forced air pre-cooling effect of blueberry. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(1): 47-54.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.08.121    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I1/47

图1  蓝莓预冷包装结构图
图2  包装箱体的4种开孔A.箱体1；B.箱体2；C.箱体3；D.箱体4。

名称

Name

密度Density/(kg/m3)比热容Specific heat capacity/(J/(kg?K))导热系数Thermal conductivity/(W/(m?K))
蓝莓 Blueberry1 061.9cp=5.40×10－3t2-1.51t +3 183.39λ=-5.12×10－7t2+4.33×10－4t2-0.12t +11.50

PVC 包装箱

PVC packaging box

1 0501 3400.12
空气Air1.2251 006.40.024 2
表1  物性参数汇总
图3  温度测点布置
图4  蓝莓预冷试验A.压差预冷试验箱体；B.蓝莓预冷筐。
图5  试验与模拟的平均温度对比
图6  4种箱体的预冷时间
图7  不同送风速度下4种箱体的降温比例系数A.送风速度为1 m/s；B.送风速度为2 m/s；C.送风速度为3 m/s。
图8  送风速度为2 m/s时预冷不均匀度随时间的变化
图9  送风速度为2 m/s时预冷不均匀度随蓝莓平均温度的变化
图10  送风速度为2 m/s时箱体内的速度场A.箱体1；B.箱体2；C.箱体3；D.箱体4。
图11  4种箱体的压力损失
图12  4种箱体的容积率
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