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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (1): 38-46    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.221
研究论文     
黄酮类复配保鲜剂对香蕉采后品质的影响
曾俊1,2,杨嘉利1,2,杨宝1,朱虹1()
1.中国科学院华南植物园，广州 510650
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
Effect of flavonoid compound preservatives on the postharvest quality of banana
Jun ZENG1,2,Jiali YANG1,2,Bao YANG1,Hong ZHU1()
1.South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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摘要：

采用按质量比1∶2比例复配的2种黄酮类化合物（桑色素-木犀草素）溶液浸泡香蕉，研究该复配保鲜剂对香蕉采后品质的影响。结果表明，桑色素-木犀草素复配处理能显著延缓香蕉的后熟进程，并有效控制香蕉轴腐病的发生。各项生理指标测定结果表明，黄酮类复配保鲜剂能较好地保持香蕉的色泽、硬度等外观品质，而且很大程度降低了香蕉果实在贮藏前期的呼吸强度，并推迟乙烯释放峰值和呼吸高峰的出现。对处理后香蕉果皮的代谢物进行核磁共振波谱分析发现，代谢物的组成及含量随着果实成熟衰老而发生明显变化。主成分分析结果表明，第1主成分为碳水化合物、游离氨基酸及乙醇等有机小分子物质。总之，桑色素-木犀草素复配处理能有效延缓代谢物成分的变化，从而保持香蕉的采后品质，延缓香蕉的成熟衰老。由于黄酮类物质属于天然的植物代谢产物，安全无毒且使用量低，因此具备开发成广谱的水果保鲜剂的潜力。
关键词： 香蕉;  桑色素;  木犀草素;  核磁共振波谱    
Abstract:

Harvested banana fruit was treated by a mixed solution of morin and luteolin (in a mass ratio of 1∶2), and the combined effect on quality maintenance and shelf life of banana was investigated. The results showed that the combined treatment significantly delayed the ripening process, effectively reduced crown rot, maintained the appearance including color and firmness, reduced the respiratory rate and delayed the emergence of ethylene release and respiratory peak. The data from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the peel revealed the composition and level of metabolites during the banana ripening and senescence. Principal component analysis reflected that the first principal components were carbohydrates, free amino acids and other organic components such as ethanol. In a word, the combined treatment of morin and luteolin effectively delays the changes of metabolite profiles, thus maintains the fruit quality and delays senescence. As flavonoids are natural plant metabolites, which are safe, non-toxic and cost-effective, so they have the potential to be developed into broad-spectrum fruit preservatives.
Key words: banana    morin    luteolin    nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
收稿日期: 2019-07-22 出版日期: 2020-02-25
CLC:  S 668.1  
基金资助: “十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0401301)
通讯作者: 朱虹     E-mail: zhuhong@scbg.ac.cn
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引用本文:

曾俊,杨嘉利,杨宝,朱虹. 黄酮类复配保鲜剂对香蕉采后品质的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(1): 38-46.

Jun ZENG,Jiali YANG,Bao YANG,Hong ZHU. Effect of flavonoid compound preservatives on the postharvest quality of banana. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(1): 38-46.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.221    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I1/38

处理

Treatment

病情指数 Disease index
0 d10 d17 d26 d
清水 Water (CK)0a42.69±10.58a78.75±6.35a91.67±14.43a
桑色素-木犀草素 Morin-luteolin0a38.36±17.22a66.04±3.77b89.81±3.21a
表1  桑色素-木犀草素复配处理对贮藏期香蕉轴腐病的影响
图1  桑色素-木犀草素复配处理对贮藏期香蕉果皮色泽和果实硬度的影响*表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，**表示在P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义；n=3。
图2  桑色素-木犀草素复配处理对贮藏期香蕉果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率的影响*表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，**表示在P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义；n=3。

编号

Nos.

代谢物

Metabolites

质子信号归属

Assignment of proton signals

1乙醇 Ethanol1.18 (t, J=7.0 Hz), 3.62 (m)
2丙氨酸 Alanine1.46 (d, J=7.3 Hz), 3.64 (m)
3乙酸 Acetic acid1.91 (s)
4谷氨酰胺 Glutamine2.12 (m), 2.47 (m), 3.66 (m)
5苹果酸 Malic acid2.45 (m), 2.75 (m), 4.27 (m)
6

L-天冬氨酸

L-aspartic acid

2.57 (m), 2.80 (m), 3.78 (m)
7胆碱 Choline3.17 (s)
8

磷酸胆碱

Choline phosphate

3.23 (s)
9果糖 Fructose4.10 (d, J=8.3 Hz)
10β-葡萄糖 β-glucose4.47 (d, J=7.8 Hz), 3.13 (m)
11α-葡萄糖 α-glucose5.11 (d, J=3.6 Hz)
12蔗糖 Sucrose

5.39 (d, J=3.8 Hz), 3.84 (m),

3.74 (m), 3.47 (m), 3.41 (m)

13

去甲猪毛菜碱

Salsolinol

6.58 (s), 6.64 (s),

1.56 (d, J=6.9 Hz)
表2  1H-NMR质谱图质子信号的归属
图3  香蕉果皮提取物的1H-NMR质谱图图中数字编号所代表的化合物见表2。
图4  不同贮藏阶段的香蕉果皮提取物1H-NMR质谱图
图5  香蕉果皮提取物的代谢物主成分分析结果A.模型参数图；B.主成分得分图；C.主成分分析载荷图。
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