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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2020, Vol. 46 Issue (4): 475-483    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.171
资源利用与环境保护     
紫微山国家森林公园芳香植物资源调查及园林应用评价
杜莹(),金水虎(),魏子璐,李晓晨
浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院，杭州 311300
Investigation of fragrant plant resources in Ziweishan National Forest Park and their landscape application evaluation
Ying DU(),Shuihu JIN(),Zilu WEI,Xiaochen LI
School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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摘要：

2018年4—12月，采用野外考察、标本采集和鉴定的方法，调查了浙江省紫微山国家森林公园芳香植物的种类和分布情况。调查统计结果表明，以马尾松（Pinus massoniana Lamb.）、杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.）Hook.]、柏木（Cupressus funebris Endl.）、南方红豆杉（Taxus chinensis）、榧树（Torreya grandis Fort. et Lindl.）等经济植物为代表，紫微山国家森林公园共有芳香植物75科180属238种，占中国芳香植物总数的29.75%。其中，裸子植物5科9属9种，被子植物70科171属229种，被子植物中又以双子叶植物占绝对优势。238种芳香植物中，芳香部位以叶、花、果实和全草占主要优势。随后采用层次分析法对这238种芳香植物进行园林应用价值综合评价，以芳香植物园林应用价值为目标，从芳香性、观赏价值、利用潜力和生物学特征等筛选出18个评价指标，建立模型。根据综合评价值将所有芳香植物划分为4个等级：Ⅰ级（综合评价值＞4.0），园林应用价值高的种类9个；Ⅱ级（＞3.3～4.0），园林应用价值较高的种类64个；Ⅲ级（3.0～3.3），园林应用价值一般的种类73个；Ⅳ级（＜3.0），园林应用价值较低的种类92个。从研究结果来看，该评价体系能客观、准确地反映出芳香植物的园林应用价值，为芳香植物的推广应用提供了参考依据。
关键词： 紫微山;  芳香植物;  芳香物质;  资源调查;  园林应用    
Abstract:

In order to investigate the species and distribution of fragrant plant resources, the field investigation, specimen collection and identification from April to December in 2018 were conducted. The results showed that 238 species of fragrant plants were found in Ziweishan National Forest Park, such as Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Cupressus funebris Endl., Taxus chinensis and Torreya grandis Fort. et Lindl., and they belonged to 75 families and 180 genera, accounting for 29.75% of the total number of fragrant plants in China, and including nine species of nine genera of five families of gymnosperms, and 229 species of 171 genera of 70 families of angiosperms, and the dicotyledons were dominant in angiosperms. Among 238 fragrant plants in Ziweishan National Forest Park, leaves, flowers, fruits and whole grass were the dominant fragrant parts. Comprehensive evaluation on the application value of 238 species of fragrant plants in Ziweishan National Forest Park was developed by using the analytic hierarchy processes (AHP). Eighteen evaluation indexes were executed reserved from different aspects of aromaticity, ornamental value, utilization potential, biological characteristics and so on. They were divided into four grades according to the comprehensive evaluation value：grade Ⅰ (comprehensive evaluation value＞4.0) species with high value on landscape application were nine; grade Ⅱ (＞3.3-4.0) types of middle application value were 64; grade Ⅲ (3.0-3.3) had 73 and grade Ⅳ (＜3.0) had 92. It can be induced that the evaluation system can objectively and accurately reflect the fragrant plant landscape value, in consistence with the actual application, and provids a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of the fragrant plant built in Ziweishan National Forest Park from the results.
Key words: Ziweishan    fragrant plant    fragrant substance    resource investigation    landscape application
收稿日期: 2019-07-17 出版日期: 2020-09-11
CLC:  S 688  
基金资助: 科技部科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110200)
通讯作者: 金水虎     E-mail: xdfduying@163.com;jsh501@163.com
作者简介: 杜莹（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-3403），E-mail：xdfduying@163.com
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杜莹
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引用本文:

杜莹,金水虎,魏子璐,李晓晨. 紫微山国家森林公园芳香植物资源调查及园林应用评价[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(4): 475-483.

Ying DU,Shuihu JIN,Zilu WEI,Xiaochen LI. Investigation of fragrant plant resources in Ziweishan National Forest Park and their landscape application evaluation. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(4): 475-483.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.07.171    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I4/475

目标层

Target

layer (A)

约束层

Constraint

layer (C)

约束层对目

标层的权重

Weight of C to A

标准层

Standard layer (P)

标准层对约束层的权重

Weight of P to C

标准层总排序权重

Weight of

P ranking

最底层

Bottom

layer (D)

芳香植物园林

应用综合评价

Comprehensive

evaluation for

landscape

application of

fragrant plants

芳香性

Aromaticity (C1)

0.481

芳香类型

Fragrant type (P1)

0.5470.246

D1、D2、D3、D4、D5……Dn为待评价的观赏芳香植物

D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, …, Dn are

fragrant plants

to be evaluated

发香持续时间

Fragrance duration (P2)

0.2760.172

发香难易程度

Fragrance difficulty (P3)

0.1240.051

发香部位

Fragrance part (P4)

0.0530.012

观赏价值

Ornamental value

(C2)

0.306

颜色

Color (P5)

0.1620.049

花径

Flower diameter (P6)

0.1720.052

奇特性

Singularity (P7)

0.1720.052

显示程度

Display degree (P8)

0.1720.052

观赏期

Ornamental period (P9)

0.090.027

观赏器官量

Ornamental organ quantity (P10)

0.1270.038

绿叶期

Green leaf stage (P11)

0.0690.021

株形

Plant type (P12)

0.0360.015

利用潜力

Utilization

potential (C3)

0.115

资源数量

Amount of resources (P13)

0.2180.028

利用程度

Utilization degree (P14)

0.1030.013

抗病性

Disease resistance (P15)

0.6790.074

生物学特征

Biological

characteristic (C4)

0.098

分布范围

Distribution range (P16)

0.0810.004

生长状况

Growth status (P17)

0.2180.012

生态习性

Ecological habits (P18)

0.7010.082
表1  综合评价模型

层次模型

Hierarchical model

判断矩阵

Judgement matrix

权重

Weight

一致性检验

Consistency test

AC1C2C3C4
A-CnC112570.481

λmax=4.607

CI=0.027

CR=0.019＜0.10

C21/21350.306
C31/51/3130.115
C41/71/51/310.098
C1-PnC1P1P2P3P4

λmax=4.218

CI=0.021

CR=0.024＜0.10

P113370.547
P21/31250.276
P31/31/2150.124
P41/71/51/510.053
C2-PnC2P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12

λmax=8.872

CI=0.018

CR=0.009＜0.10

P5111112330.162
P6111132330.172
P7111132330.172
P8111132330.172
P91/31/31/31/311/2220.090
P101/21/21/21/221330.127
P111/31/31/31/31/21/3120.069
P121/31/31/31/31/21/31/210.036
C3-PnC3P13P14P15

λmax=3.154

CI=0.042

CR=0.063＜0.10

P13121/50.218
P141/211/70.103
P155710.679
C4-PnC4P16P17P18

λmax=3.260

CI=0.037

CR=0.057＜0.10

P1611/51/70.081
P17511/30.218
P187310.701
表2  C-P判断矩阵和一致性检验结果

指标

Index

Ⅰ级

Grade Ⅰ

Ⅱ级

Grade Ⅱ

Ⅲ级

Grade Ⅲ

Ⅳ级

Grade Ⅳ

Ⅴ级

Grade Ⅴ

芳香类型

Fragrant type (P1)

弱香微香香浓香极香

发香持续时间

Fragrance duration (P2)

＜30 d30 d60 d90 d＞90 d

发香难易程度

Fragrance difficulty (P3)

弄破组织后

发香

自然发香较弱，弄破

组织后较易发香

可以自然发香，弄破组织后

容易发香

容易自然发香极易自然发香

发香部位

Fragrance part (P4)

单个器官2个器官3个器官＞3个器官全株

颜色

Color (P5)

不鲜艳一般较鲜艳鲜艳极鲜艳

花径

Flower diameter (P6)

＜0.5 cm0.5～1.0 cm＞1.0～3.0 cm＞3.0～5.0 cm＞5.0 cm

奇特性

Singularity (P7)

常见一般较少见少见罕见

显示程度

Display degree (P8)

极难观赏难观赏一般易观赏极易观赏

观赏期

Ornamental period (P9)

＜30 d30 d60 d90 d＞90 d

观赏器官量

Ornamental organ

quantity (P10)

＜30%30%50%80%＞80%

绿叶期

Green leaf stage (P11)

＜180 d180～300 d＞300 d

常绿但有变

色期

常绿

株形

Plant type (P12)

极松散松散一般紧凑极紧凑

资源数量

Amount of resources (P13)

稀有少见一般较多丰富

利用程度

Utilization degree （P14)

广泛较多一般较少未利用

抗病性

Disease resistance (P15)

很差较差一般较强极强

分布范围

Distribution range (P16)

极窄较窄一般广泛极广泛

生长状况

Growth status (P17)

极弱较弱一般良好极好

生态习性

Ecological habits (P18)

适应性弱适应性较弱适应性一般适应性较强适应性极强
表3  各评价指标的评分标准
图1  紫微山国家森林公园芳香植物分类统计

种

Species

主要化学成分

Main chemical component

用途

Purpose

文献

Reference

杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.柏木脑、柏木烯、柏木醇等香料、药用[17]
蜡梅 Chimonanthus praecox罗勒烯、芳樟醇等抗菌剂、空气清新剂[18]
浙江蜡梅 Chimonanthus zhejiangensis三辛胺等药用[18]
披针叶茴香 Illicium lanceolatum柠檬烯、榄香素等香料、药用、农药[19]
南五味子 Kadsura longipedunculata依异龙脑等药用[20]
厚朴 Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils.厚朴酚、桉叶油醇、石竹烯等药用、木材、绿化[21]
天目木兰 Magnolia amoena Cheng葑酮、十八烷等绿化[22]
玉兰 Magnolia denudate Desr.桉叶油素、芳樟醇、伞花烃等木材、香料、绿化[23,24]
乳源木莲 Manglietia yuyuanensis香叶醇、癸烷等药用、木材、绿化[25]
华中五味子 Schisandra sphenanthera亚油酸等药用[26]
樟 Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.芳樟醇、石竹烯等药用、香料[27]
浙江樟 Cinnamomum japonicum Sieb.桧烯、丁香酚、柠檬烯等杀菌剂、香料[27]
毛豹皮樟 Litsea coreana var. sinensis正癸醛等香料[28]
龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.雪松醇、芳樟醇等药用[29]
石楠 Photinia serrulata Lindl.芳樟醇、冰片等药用[30]
小果蔷薇 Rosa cymosa Tratt.苯甲醇、丁香酚、苯乙醇等香料、抗菌剂[31]
蓬蘽 Rubus hirsutus Thunb.莰烯、柠檬烯、长叶烯等酿酒、药用、榨油[32]
表4  代表性植物的芳香油成分及用途
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