不同施肥模式对单季稻生长和氮磷流失的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.101

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 225-233 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.101

资源利用与环境保护

不同施肥模式对单季稻生长和氮磷流失的影响

王新霞(

),王季丰,侯琼,王肖君,倪吾钟(

)

浙江大学环境与资源学院，浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室，杭州 310058

Effects of different fertilizing models on growth of single crop rice and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses

Xinxia WANG(

),Jifeng WANG,Qiong HOU,Xiaojun WANG,Wuzhong NI(

)

Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment，College of Environmental and Resource Sciences，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058，China

全文: PDF(738 KB) HTML

摘要：

通过田间试验，研究常规施肥（conventional fertilization, CF）、常规推荐施肥（conventional recommended fertilization, CRF）、优化测土配方施肥（optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization, TF）和优化测土配方基础上有机肥部分替代化肥施肥（application of organic manure as a partial replacement for chemical fertilizers based on optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization, TFM）4种典型施肥模式对单季稻生长和稻田氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明，3种改良施肥模式与常规施肥相比增产2.80%～3.63%，水稻植株各部位氮磷含量相当，同时，CRF、TF、TFM模式的总氮累积流失量分别减少了2.75%、14.15%和33.28%，总磷累积流失量分别减少了19.02%、21.31%和29.51%。总之，3种改良施肥模式均可满足水稻对氮磷养分需求，保证籽粒产量，有效控制氮磷的径流流失，其中TFM模式的效果最佳。

关键词： 单季稻; 有机无机肥配施; 测土配方; 氮磷流失

Abstract:

A field experiment with four typical fertilization models such as conventional fertilization (CF), conventional recommended fertilization (CRF), optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization (TF) and application of organic manure as a partial replacement for chemical fertilizers based on optimized soil testing for formulated fertilization (TFM) was conducted. The responses of single crop rice yield and runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from paddy fields to different fertilization models were investigated. The results showed that the grain yield of the three improved fertilization models increased by 2.80%-3.63% compared with the conventional fertilization, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents in various parts of rice plants kept at the similar levels. The cumulative total nitrogen runoff losses of CRF, TF and TFM treatments decreased by 2.75%, 14.15% and 33.28%, respectively, and the cumulative total phosphorus runoff losses decreased by 19.02%, 21.31% and 29.51%, respectively. In general, three improved fertilization models can meet nitrogen and phosphorus needs of rice plants, increase grain yield, and control the runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus effectively, among which TFM is the best.

Key words: single crop rice combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers soil measurement and fertilizer formulation nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses

收稿日期: 2019-06-10 出版日期: 2020-05-22

CLC:

S 158.3

基金资助: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012)

通讯作者: 倪吾钟 E-mail: 21614104@zju.edu.cn;wzni@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 王新霞（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9482-0736），E-mail：21614104@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

王新霞,王季丰,侯琼,王肖君,倪吾钟. 不同施肥模式对单季稻生长和氮磷流失的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(2): 225-233.

Xinxia WANG,Jifeng WANG,Qiong HOU,Xiaojun WANG,Wuzhong NI. Effects of different fertilizing models on growth of single crop rice and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(2): 225-233.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.06.101 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/225

表1 水稻养分投入量 (kg/hm2)

表2 水稻各部位生物量 (kg/hm2)

表3 水稻不同部位氮磷含量 (g/kg)

表4 稻田径流量 (m3/hm2)

表5 不同施肥模式下稻田径流水氮素质量浓度及流失量

表6 不同施肥模式下稻田径流水磷素质量浓度及流失量

表7 不同施肥模式下氮磷累积流失量

表8 径流水氮磷含量与土壤水溶性氮磷含量的相关性 (g/hm2)

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