面向苹果硬度检测仪的声振信号激励与采集系统设计

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.281

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 111-118 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.281

研究论文

面向苹果硬度检测仪的声振信号激励与采集系统设计

王冉冉^1,²(

),刘鑫^1,²,尹孟¹,翟德昂¹,刘双喜¹,王金星^1,²(

)

^1. 山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院，山东泰安 271018
^2. 山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室，山东泰安 271018

Design of excitation and acquisition system of acoustic vibration signal for apple hardness tester

Ranran WANG^1,²(

),Xin LIU^1,²,Meng YI¹,Deang ZHAI¹,Shuangxi LIU¹,Jinxing WANG^1,²(

)

^1. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an Shandong 271018, China
^2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai’an Shandong 271018, China

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摘要：

本文设计了基于声振法的苹果硬度检测仪，该检测设备主要由信号激励装置和信号采集系统2部分组成。在信号激励装置中，基于对击打钢板的摆角、弯曲角和可调高度的设计，使大多数苹果都可以被敲击到；通过控制电磁铁和电磁阀的工作状态以实现对苹果的自由敲击，从而满足流水线自动作业需求。在信号采集系统中，使用EAROBE SuperLav麦克风和MPU6050振动传感器收集声音和振动信号，并使用MATLAB软件对收集的数据进行分析。结果表明：使用所设计的检测设备，绝大多数苹果都可以被无损敲击，并且不同硬度苹果的声振信号图差异明显。说明利用声振法能够实现在流水线上对苹果进行无损检测并分级。

关键词： 苹果; 硬度; 激励装置; 信号采集; 无损检测

Abstract:

An apple hardness tester was designed based on acoustic pulse method. The detection equipment was mainly composed of signal excitation device and signal acquisition system. Most apples could be knocked in this signal excitation system, because of proper designs of the swing angle, the bending angle and the adjustable height of the striking steel plate. Apple could be knocked freely to meet the requirements of automatic detection on assembly line by controlling the work of electromagnet and solenoid valve. In the signal acquisition system, the EAROBE SuperLav microphone and MPU6050 vibration sensor were used to collect acoustic vibration signals, and the collected data were analyzed using MATLAB software. The results showed that, using the designed detection equipment, most of the apples could be hit non-destructively, and the acoustics and vibration signal patterns of apples with different hardnesses were obviously different. It is indicated that the non-destructive testing and grading of apple can be realized on assembly line by acoustic pulse method.

Key words: apple hardness excitation device signal acquisition non-destructive testing

收稿日期: 2019-05-28 出版日期: 2020-02-25

CLC:

S 23

基金资助: “十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0401302);山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0211);山东省高校“双一流”建设奖补资金项目(SYL2017XTTD02)

通讯作者: 王金星 E-mail: wranran@163.com;jinxingw@163.com

作者简介: 王冉冉（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3407），E-mail：wranran@163.com

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引用本文:

王冉冉,刘鑫,尹孟,翟德昂,刘双喜,王金星. 面向苹果硬度检测仪的声振信号激励与采集系统设计[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(1): 111-118.

Ranran WANG,Xin LIU,Meng YI,Deang ZHAI,Shuangxi LIU,Jinxing WANG. Design of excitation and acquisition system of acoustic vibration signal for apple hardness tester. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(1): 111-118.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.281 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I1/111

图1 苹果检测装置总体结构图

图2 敲击装置机械结构图 1.电磁阀；2.电磁阀复位弹簧；3.电磁铁；4.击打钢板；5.振动信号检测装置；6.击打头；7.待测苹果；8.水果托盘；9.托板；10.旋转轴；11.固定支座；12.底座；13.调整套筒；14.麦克风。

图3 橡胶头敲击的声音信号

图4 尼龙头敲击的声音信号

图5 苹果剖面轮廓和被敲击平面示意

表1 按果径分级的富士苹果

图6 零件相对位置图

图7 击打钢板的剖面图 a.电磁阀可击打长度；b.开口槽长度；c.击打头位置到开口槽端点位置的距离；d.击打头安装位置的长度；e.击打钢板总长度。

表2 电磁阀参数

表3 电磁铁参数

图8 检测装置实物图

图9 硬度为67 N/cm2 的苹果（1号）的声音波形图

图10 硬度为67 N/cm2 的苹果（1号）的振动波形图

图11 硬度为91 N/cm2 的苹果（99号）的声音波形图

图12 硬度为91 N/cm2 的苹果（99号）的振动波形图

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