温度对秀珍菇生长发育及胞外酶活性的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.211

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2020, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 161-167 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.211

园艺学

温度对秀珍菇生长发育及胞外酶活性的影响

闫静(

),王伟科,袁卫东,陆娜,宋吉玲,周祖法

杭州市农业科学研究院，杭州 310024

Effects of temperature on the growth, development and extracellular enzyme activities of Pleurotus pulmonarius

Jing YAN(

),Weike WANG,Weidong YUAN,Na LU,Jiling SONG,Zufa ZHOU

Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China

全文: PDF(831 KB) HTML

摘要：

为了研究秀珍菇变温结实机制，在不同温度（20、22、24、26、28、30 ℃）条件下对秀珍菇进行菌丝培养，待菌丝发满30 d后在4、8、12 ℃条件下进行3～24 h低温处理（以25 ℃处理作为对照），测定秀珍菇胞外羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、淀粉酶和漆酶等5种胞外酶活性；并在夏季进行不同温度（8、12、16、20 ℃）、不同时长（6、9、12、15、18 h）的打冷出菇试验。结果表明，在26 ℃条件下培养的菌丝生长势强，生长速率快，随着温度进一步升高，菌丝生长势变弱。胞外酶活性测定结果表明：在同一处理温度下，随着处理时间的延长，5种胞外酶的活性总体呈先升高后降低的趋势，在9～18 h内酶活性达到峰值；经4、8、12 ℃低温处理后，胞外羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和淀粉酶4种胞外酶的活性增强，而胞外漆酶活性降低，且处理温度越低，漆酶活性越低。打冷出菇试验结果表明，8 ℃处理9～15 h和16 ℃处理12 h产量较高，单产达到100 g/包以上。从菇蕾形成和出菇整齐度来看，在16 ℃ 条件下处理12 h出菇效果较好。这说明对秀珍菇菌包出菇前进行打冷处理可以通过胞外酶活性变化来调节基质降解和营养吸收，进而调节出菇。本研究结果对深入研究食用菌变温结实机制和指导夏季秀珍菇生产具有重要的指导意义。

关键词： 秀珍菇; 低温处理; 菌丝生长; 胞外酶活性; 栽培经济性状

Abstract:

In order to research the formation mechanism of Pleurotus pulmonarius fruit body with essential low temperature treatment, the mycelial growth at different temperatures were studied. The mycelia were cultivated at 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 ℃, respectively, and then they were cultivated at 4, 8, 12 ℃ and 25 ℃ (CK) for 3-24 h after the mycelia fully lasted 30 d, and the activities of five extracellular enzymes, including carboxymethyl cellulase, filter paper cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase and laccase were tested. At the same time, the economical characters of P. pulmonarius were analyzed at different cultivation temperatures (8, 12, 16, 20 ℃） and time (6, 9, 12, 15, 18 h) in summer. The results showed that P. pulmonarius grew fast and had the strongest mycelium growth at 26 ℃. The mycelial growth became weaker with the increase of cultivation temperature. At the same low temperature, the activities of the five extracellular enzymes first increased, peaked at 9-18 h, and then decreased on the whole. At the same time, the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, filter paper cellulase, hemicellulase and amylase were stronger at 4, 8 and 12 ℃ than at 25 ℃ (CK), but the laccase activity was lower than CK, and the lower cultivation temperature, the lower laccase activity. The cultivation experiment showed that the average yield of one fungus bag exceeded 100 g at 8 ℃ for 9-15 h or 16 ℃ for 12 h. The speed of mushroom bud formation and fruit body uniformity were excellent at 16 ℃ for 12 h. In conclusion, the activities of five extracellular enzymes are regulated by low temperature treatment, and then the degradation of macromolecule nutrients in the matrix and nutrient absorption of mycelia are adjusted. The above results are of great significance for the further study on the formation mechanism of P. pulmonarius fruit body and the guidance of the production in summer.

Key words: Pleurotus pulmonarius low temperature treatment mycelial growth extracellular enzyme activities economical characters of cultivation

收稿日期: 2019-05-21 出版日期: 2020-05-22

CLC:

S 646.143

基金资助: 浙江省农业（食用菌）新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02057-7);杭州市科技发展计划(20170432B15);杭州市农业科学研究院科技创新与示范推广基金(2019HNCT-25)

通讯作者: 闫静 E-mail: 116645620@qq.com

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引用本文:

闫静,王伟科,袁卫东,陆娜,宋吉玲,周祖法. 温度对秀珍菇生长发育及胞外酶活性的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2020, 46(2): 161-167.

Jing YAN,Weike WANG,Weidong YUAN,Na LU,Jiling SONG,Zufa ZHOU. Effects of temperature on the growth, development and extracellular enzyme activities of Pleurotus pulmonarius. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2020, 46(2): 161-167.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.05.211 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2020/V46/I2/161

表1 不同培养温度对秀珍菇菌丝生长的影响

图1 不同温度处理对秀珍菇胞外漆酶活性的影响

图2 不同温度处理对秀珍菇胞外羧甲基纤维素酶活性的影响

图3 不同温度处理对秀珍菇胞外滤纸纤维素酶活性的影响

图4 不同温度处理对秀珍菇胞外半纤维素酶活性的影响

图5 不同温度处理对秀珍菇胞外淀粉酶活性的影响

表2 不同温度和时长处理对秀珍菇子实体形成及第一潮菇产量的影响

表3 不同温度和时长处理对秀珍菇产量影响的主体效应检验1）

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