密植栽培模式对渭北旱塬苹果树生长的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.03.112

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (6): 667-674 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.03.112

作物栽培与生理

密植栽培模式对渭北旱塬苹果树生长的影响

白岗栓^1,²,邹超煜³,杜社妮^1,²,郑锁林⁴,刘英俊⁵

^1.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
^2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100
^3.吉安市湿地管理中心，江西吉安 343000
^4.庆阳林业学校，甘肃庆阳 745000
^5.澄城县果业管理局，陕西澄城 715299

Effects of dense planting pattern on the growth of apple tree in Weibei dry plateau

Gangshuan BAI^1,²,Chaoyu ZOU³,Sheni DU^1,²,Suolin ZHENG⁴,Yingjun LIU⁵

^1.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
^3.Ji’an Wetland Management Center, Ji’an 343000, Jiangxi, China
^4.Qingyang Forestry School, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
^5.Fruit Industry Administration Bureau of Chengcheng County, Chengcheng 715299, Shaanxi, China

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摘要：

为了提高渭北旱塬苹果园的经济效益，以盛果期乔砧密植园为对照，将相同树龄的矮砧密植园和半矮化砧密植园的留果量保留为同一水平，监测不同砧穗组合密植园的树体生长状况。结果表明：矮砧密植园和半矮化砧密植园的叶面积指数较乔砧密植园分别降低30.47%和23.98%，叶片蒸腾速率分别降低7.56%和5.84%，叶片光合速率则分别提高17.36%和9.88%。矮砧密植园、半矮化砧密植园的树体生长量小，但果实产量与乔砧密植园的基本一致。矮砧密植园、半矮化砧密植园的果园产值较乔砧密植园分别提高了8.58%和7.43%。说明矮砧密植和半矮化砧密植可提高果园产值，因此渭北旱塬应积极推广苹果矮砧密植和半矮化砧密植栽培。

关键词： 苹果树; 矮砧密植; 树体生长量; 果园产值

Abstract:

In order to improve the economic benefits of the apple orchard in Weibei dry plateau, taking the apple orchard with vigorous stock dense planting at the full bearing age as a control, the bearing fruit number of dwarfing stock dense planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense planting orchards were kept to the same with the vigorous stock dense planting orchard, and the tree growth status in different dense planting orchards with different stock-scion combinations was monitored. The results showed that the leaf area indexes of the dwarfing stock dense planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense planting orchards were 30.47% and 23.98% lower, and the leaf transpiration rates were 7.56% and 5.84% lower, but the leaf photosynthesis rates were 17.36% and 9.88% higher than that of the vigorous stock dense planting orchard, respectively. The tree growth in the dwarfing stock dense planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense planting orchards was smaller, but the fruit yields were basically consistent with that in the vigorous stock dense planting orchard. The fruit output value of the dwarfing stock dense planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense planting orchards increased by 8.58% and 7.43%, compared with that of the vigorous stock dense planting orchard, respectively. The above results indicate that the dwarfing stock dense planting and semi-dwarfing stock dense planting patterns can increase the production value of apple orchard, so the two dense planting patterns should be popularized in Weibei dry plateau.

Key words: apple tree dwarfing stock dense planting tree growth status orchard production

收稿日期: 2019-03-11 出版日期: 2020-01-20

CLC:

S 661.1

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501602);延安山仑院士工作站科研项目“黄土高原经济林（果）节水增效技术与绿色发展”(20181201)

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引用本文:

白岗栓,邹超煜,杜社妮,郑锁林,刘英俊. 密植栽培模式对渭北旱塬苹果树生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(6): 667-674.

Gangshuan BAI,Chaoyu ZOU,Sheni DU,Suolin ZHENG,Yingjun LIU. Effects of dense planting pattern on the growth of apple tree in Weibei dry plateau. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(6): 667-674.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2019.03.112 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I6/667

表1 试验前不同砧穗组合果园的树体生长状况

图1 苹果园的监测区示意方框内为监测区。

表2 不同砧穗组合不同生长期的苹果树叶面积指数、叶片光合速率及蒸腾速率

表3 不同砧穗组合果园的苹果品质

表4 不同砧穗组合的树体生长状况及产值

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[1]	李明霞1，杜社妮2，3，白岗栓2，3，耿桂俊4. 苹果树更新修剪对土壤水分及树体生长的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2012, 38(4): 467-476.

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