长江上游典型人工植被下中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.251

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (5): 585-595 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.251

资源利用与环境保护

长江上游典型人工植被下中小型土壤动物群落结构特征

彭彩云^1,²(

),王戈³,赵波²,廖兴艳⁴,张健^1,²,肖玖金^1,²(

),母晨君²

1. 林业生态工程省级重点实验室，成都 611130
2. 四川农业大学林学院，成都 611130
3. 四川省九顶山自然保护区，四川什邡 618400
4. 四川农业大学旅游学院，成都 611830

Community structure characteristics of medium- and small-sized soil faunas in typical artificial plantations in the upper reaches of Yangtze River

Caiyun PENG^1,²(

),Ge WANG³,Bo ZHAO²,Xingyan LIAO⁴,Jian ZHANG^1,²,Jiujin XIAO^1,²(

),Chenjun MU²

1. Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Chengdu 611130, China
2. College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
3. Jiuding Mountain Nature Reserve, Shifang 618400, Sichuan, China
4. College of Tourism, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611830, China

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摘要：

为了解长江上游低山丘陵区典型人工植被系统下土壤动物群落结构特征，于2015年10月选取马尾松（Pinus massoniana,PM）、大桉（Eucalyptus grandis,EG）、红椿（Toona ciliata, TC）、硬头黄竹（Bambusa rigida,BR）人工植被系统为研究对象，以毗邻农耕地（farm land, FL）为对照，采用干、湿漏斗法对中小型土壤动物群落结构进行调查。结果显示：实验共采集到土壤动物4 444只，隶属于5门12纲22目83类。各样地间土壤动物的平均密度差异达极显著水平（F=78.478，P=0.000），类群数差异达显著水平（F=4.810，P=0.020）。各样地土壤动物类群数垂直分布均随土层加深而逐步减少，呈现表聚性特征。植食性、杂食性和捕食性土壤动物在BR样地中所占比例最高，腐食性土壤动物在FL样地中所占比例最高。在BR样地中土壤动物的多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数和密度-类群指数均表现为最高，优势度指数在FL样地中最高，除密度-类群指数（F=2.702，P=0.092）外，其余各指数差异均达到极显著水平（P＜0.01）。各林地与FL的相似性为中等不相似（除EG外）；各人工植被系统间的相似性为中等相似（除FL外）。综上表明，不同植被生态系统土壤动物群落结构有明显差异，其中竹林生态系统具有更高的土壤动物多样性。

关键词： 长江上游; 人工植被系统; 土壤动物; 群落结构

Abstract:

To understand the characteristics of the soil fauna community structure in the typical artificial plantation system in the hilly region of the upper Yangtze River, in October 2015, Pinus massoniana (PM), Eucalyptus grandis (EG), Toona ciliata (TC), Bambusa rigida (BR) systems were selectedas researchobjects, and the farm land (FL) system as a control. The structure of medium- and small-sized soil faunas was investigated by Tullgren and Baermann methods, respectively. A total of 4 444 individuals of soil faunas, belonging to 5 phyla, 12 classes, 22 orders and 83 kinds were collected. The average density of soil faunas achieved very significant levels among the five sample plots (F=78.478, P=0.000), and the group number of soil faunas had significant differences (F=4.810, P=0.020). The vertical distribution of soil faunas in all the soil layers decreased with the deepening of the soil layer, and showed the characteristics of the surface accumulation. Herbivorous, omnivorous and predatory soil animals in the BR accounted for the highest proportion, and saprophagous soil animals in the FL reached to the highest proportion. The diversity index, evenness index, richness index and density-group index of soil animals were the highest in the BR, and the dominance index was the highest in the FL. Except for the density-group index (F=2.702, P=0.092), the differences of other indexes reached highly significant levels (P＜0.01). The similarity between the artificial plantation plots and FL was medium unsimilarity (except for the EG), and the similarity among the artificial plantation systems was moderate (except for the FL). The above results show that the soil animal community structure and diversity indexes in different plantations differ from each other, and there is higher diversity of soil faunas in the BR.

Key words: the upper reaches of Yangtze River artificial plantation system soil fauna community structure

收稿日期: 2018-10-25 出版日期: 2019-12-05

CLC:

S 154.5

基金资助: 四川省科技计划(2019YJ0427);四川省景观与游憩研究中心项目(JGYQ2018032);四川农业大学大学生创新训练计划项目(201810626119)

通讯作者: 肖玖金 E-mail: 1612653265@qq.com;j.xiao@sicau.edu.cn

作者简介: 彭彩云（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3481-4809），E-mail：1612653265@qq.com

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引用本文:

彭彩云,王戈,赵波,廖兴艳,张健,肖玖金,母晨君. 长江上游典型人工植被下中小型土壤动物群落结构特征[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(5): 585-595.

Caiyun PENG,Ge WANG,Bo ZHAO,Xingyan LIAO,Jian ZHANG,Jiujin XIAO,Chenjun MU. Community structure characteristics of medium- and small-sized soil faunas in typical artificial plantations in the upper reaches of Yangtze River. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(5): 585-595.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.251 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I5/585

表1 实验地概况

图1 人工植被系统林下土壤动物平均密度与类群数水平分布特征不同样地类型代码表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，不同大写字母表示在 P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义；n=3。

图2 人工植被系统林下土壤动物平均密度与类群数垂直分布特征不同样地类型代码表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示相同土层数据在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，不同大写字母表示相同土层数据在P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义；n=3。

图3 人工植被系统林下土壤动物功能类群密度所占比例不同样地类型代码表示的含义详见表1注。

表2 人工植被系统林下土壤动物功能类群的类群数和平均密度

图4 人工植被系统林下土壤动物多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数与丰富度指数不同样地类型代码表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义，不同大写字母表示在P＜0.01水平差异有高度统计学意义；n=3。

图5 人工植被系统林下土壤动物密度-类群指数不同样地类型代码表示的含义详见表1注。短栅上不同小写字母表示在P＜0.05水平差异有统计学意义。

表3 人工植被系统林下土壤动物群落相似性指数

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