基于系统相悖理论的生态家庭牧场天然与栽培草地资源配置探析

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.220

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (3): 355-364 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.220

资源利用与环境保护

基于系统相悖理论的生态家庭牧场天然与栽培草地资源配置探析

傅理^1,²(

),谢应忠¹(

),马红彬¹,邢恩德³,田秀民³

1. 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
2. 宁夏大学新华学院，银川 750021
3. 水利部牧区水利科学研究所，呼和浩特 010020

Allocation analysis of natural and cultivated grassland resources of eco-family pasture based on the theory of grassland agro-ecosystem discordance

Li FU^1,²(

),Yingzhong XIE¹(

),Hongbin MA¹,Ende XING³,Xiumin TIAN³

1. College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. College of Xinhua, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3. Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, China

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摘要：

选取鄂托克前旗研究区近30年气象因子及近年来的水、土、草、畜为研究对象，以草地农业生态系统相悖理论为基础，探讨生态家庭牧场天然与栽培草地资源配置方案，实现牧区可持续发展。结果表明：研究区自然环境恶劣，年降水量非常有限，地下水资源丰富但分布不均，农牧业用水量超过预期限额；天然牧草地比重优势明显，但过度放牧严重，生态脆弱，牧草资源极其短缺；发展生态家庭牧场，时间相悖问题最为关键，空间相悖次之，种间相悖居后。其中：在时间相悖中，需要根据天然草场的亏缺和盈余期，合理配套栽培饲草料；在空间相悖中，在敖勒召其镇和城川镇可发展高产优质栽培草地，置换天然草地的功能，而在昂素镇和上海庙镇，需要严格控制天然草地载畜量，发展短期育肥，提高周转效率。

关键词： 系统相悖; 荒漠草原; 生态; 家庭牧场; 资源配置

Abstract:

In order to achieve sustainable development in pastoral areas, based on the theory of grassland agro-ecosystem discordance, we selected the meteorological factors in the study area of Otog Front Banner in recent 30 years and the water, soil, grass, and livestock in the area in recent years as the objects of study to discuss how to make a grassland resource allocation plan. The result showed that the natural environment in the study area was harsh and the annual precipitation was very limited; the groundwater resources were abundant but unevenly distributed, and the water consumption for agriculture and animal husbandry exceeded the expected limit. The proportion of natural grassland was obvious, but the overgrazing was serious, and the ecosystem was fragile, and the contradiction of herbage resources was prominent. The most important problem was time paradox, followed by space paradox, and finally by species paradox in the development of family ranches. Meanwhile, in the time paradox, it was necessary to reasonable matching cultivation of grassland resources according to the shortage period and surplus period of natural grassland; in the space paradox, on the one hand, developing high-yielding and high-quality cultivated grasslands to replace natural grassland functions in the towns of Aolezhaoqi and Chengchuan, and on the other hand, it was necessary to strictly control over the stock capacity of natural grassland, develop short-term fattening and improve turnover efficiency in the towns of Aangsu and Shanghaimiao.

Key words: system discordance desert steppe ecology family pasture resource allocation

收稿日期: 2018-10-22 出版日期: 2019-06-25

CLC:

S 812.8

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500505)

通讯作者: 谢应忠 E-mail: fuli39501793@163.com;xieyz@nxu.edu.cn

作者简介: 傅理（https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-1696），E-mail：fuli39501793@163.com

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引用本文:

傅理,谢应忠,马红彬,邢恩德,田秀民. 基于系统相悖理论的生态家庭牧场天然与栽培草地资源配置探析[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(3): 355-364.

Li FU,Yingzhong XIE,Hongbin MA,Ende XING,Xiumin TIAN. Allocation analysis of natural and cultivated grassland resources of eco-family pasture based on the theory of grassland agro-ecosystem discordance. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(3): 355-364.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.10.220 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I3/355

图1 研究区近30年年降水量

图2 研究区近30年气象因子时间序列

表1 研究区近30年气象因子相关矩阵

表2 研究区供用水情况（2015）

表3 研究区农业用地概况

表4 研究区土地利用与水资源的相关性分析

图3 研究区天然与栽培饲草料供需关系

表5 研究区家畜结构

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