荒漠草原不同大小“土岛”生境中短花针茅种群小尺度点格局分析

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.161

浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）

2019, Vol. 45

Issue (2): 211-220 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.161

资源利用与环境保护

荒漠草原不同大小“土岛”生境中短花针茅种群小尺度点格局分析

薛毅¹(

),王兴²,宋乃平¹(

),随金明¹,陈娟¹

1. 宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地，银川 750021
2. 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021

Fine-scale spatial point patterns of Stipa breviflora population at different “Soil Island” habitat sizes in desert steppe

Yi XUE¹(

),Xing WANG²,Naiping SONG¹(

),Jinming SUI¹,Juan CHEN¹

1. Breeding Base of State Key Laboratory for Preventing Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2. Agricultural School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

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摘要：

荒漠草原经过长期人为、自然等因素的干扰引起原始生境退化、破碎化，形成原生硬质灰钙土斑块并散布在广大沙化土地中，类似岛状的土被结构，我们称之为“土岛”。为研究不同大小“土岛”生境对优势种短花针茅种群空间格局的影响，2016年9月在宁夏盐池县杨寨子村选取大（200～300 m²）、中（约100 m²）、小（约50 m²）“土岛”各3个，共9个“土岛”，然后在每个“土岛”上选取一个2 m×2 m样方开展研究。结果表明：1）所有“土岛”上的短花针茅种群均处于老龄衰退阶段，幼龄小苗极少。2）随着“土岛”面积增大，“土岛”内部0～40 cm土层的土壤黏粉粒含量呈现增加趋势（P＜0.05），细砂粒含量逐渐减少（P＜0.05），土壤有机碳含量在不同土层均有所增加（P＜0.05）。3）小“土岛”上的短花针茅种群主要表现为聚集分布，随着“土岛”面积的增大，短花针茅种群的生态对策发生转变，在大、中“土岛”上变成以随机分布为主。4）在各“土岛”上，短花针茅都为优势种，随着“土岛”面积增大，短花针茅种群密度表现为先增加后减小，推测短花针茅的最适“土岛”生境面积大约为100 m²。此次研究表明，随着“土岛”生境不断缩小，短花针茅种群点格局从随机分布变为聚集分布，种群的生存状况受到极大威胁，说明荒漠草原典型植被的这种原始生境破碎化可能会引起种群的衰退甚至消失。今后在对荒漠草原的原始植被进行保护时，首先应当保障其生境的完整性、连续性，进而保障典型植被种群的规模。

关键词： 荒漠草原; 短花针茅; 点格局; 土岛; 土壤

Abstract:

Through long-term natural factors and human disturbance, the natural habitats of desert steppe become degradation and fragmentation, forming natural hard sierozem patches which were similar to islands in the extensive sandy desertified land, which were named as “Soil Island”. In order to study the influence of different “Soil Island” habitat areas on the spatial pattern of Stipa breviflora, we chose three large “Soil Island” (200-300 m²), three middle “Soil Island” (about 100 m²) and three small “Soil Island” (about 50 m²) habitats, and set one 2 m×2 m sample plot in each “Soil Island” in September 2016. The results showed that: 1) S. breviflora population was in the aging and declining stage in the all of “Soil Island” habitats, with very few young seedlings. 2) With the increase of the area of “Soil Island”, the content of clay silts in the 0-40 cm soil layer increased (P＜0.05), and the content of fine sand in the 0-40 cm soil layer decreased (P＜0.05), and the content of soil organic content (SOC) in different soil layers increased (P＜0.05). 3) With the increase of the area of “Soil Island”, the ecological strategy of S. breviflora population changed. In the small “Soil Island”, the spatial patterns of S. breviflora aggregated mainly. But in the large “Soil Island” and middle “Soil Island”, the spatial patterns of S. breviflora were mainly random. 4) In each “Soil Island”, S. breviflora was the dominant species. With the increase of the area of “Soil Island”, the density of S. breviflora population increased first and then decreased, so we guessed that the optimum area of “Soil Island” habitat was about 100 m². In summary, with the continuous reduce of the habitat areas of “Soil Island”, the spatial pattern of S. breviflora population changes from a random distribution to an aggregated distribution, and its population size and survival are under great threat, which indicates that the fragmentation of typical vegetation habitat will make population decline or even disappear. In the future, the integrity and continuity of the habitat should be guaranteed first, and then the size of the typical vegetation population could be guaranteed for the protection of the native vegetation of desert steppe.

Key words: desert steppe Stipa breviflora point pattern Soil Island soil

收稿日期: 2018-03-16 出版日期: 2019-04-25

CLC:

Q 948.15

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(41461046);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（生态学）项目(NXYLXK2017B06);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0500709);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2018072)

通讯作者: 宋乃平 E-mail: xy.0316@163.com;songnp@163.com

作者简介: 薛毅（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-4511），E-mail： xy.0316@163.com|宋乃平（https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-498X），Tel： +86-951-2062838，E-mail： songnp@163.com

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引用本文:

薛毅,王兴,宋乃平,随金明,陈娟. 荒漠草原不同大小“土岛”生境中短花针茅种群小尺度点格局分析[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(2): 211-220.

Yi XUE,Xing WANG,Naiping SONG,Jinming SUI,Juan CHEN. Fine-scale spatial point patterns of Stipa breviflora population at different “Soil Island” habitat sizes in desert steppe. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(2): 211-220.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.03.161 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I2/211

表1 各“土岛”的主要特征

表2 针茅种群的大小组成

图1 A“土岛”的短花针茅种群点格局分析

图2 B“土岛”的短花针茅种群点格局分析

图3 C“土岛”的短花针茅种群点格局分析

土层 Soil layer/cm	样地 Plot	黏粉粒 Clay/mm	细砂粒 Fine sand/mm	中砂粒 Middle sand/mm	粗砂粒 Thick sand/mm
土层 Soil layer/cm	样地 Plot	＜0.050	0.050～＜0.25	0.25～＜1.00	1.00～＜2.00
0～10	A小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” A	38.79b	47.15a	14.04a	0.01a
	A中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” A	38.89b	52.99a	8.10b	0.00a
	A大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” A	54.52a	36.53b	8.94b	0.00a
	B小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” B	41.01a	54.41b	4.57b	0.00a
	B中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” B	30.22b	59.32a	10.09a	0.36a
	B大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” B	48.50a	47.51c	3.98b	0.00a
	C小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” C	37.55c	56.54a	5.89a	0.01a
	C中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” C	44.09b	52.03b	3.87b	0.00a
	C大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” C	55.94a	42.01b	2.05c	0.00a
＞10～20	A小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” A	43.00b	42.61b	14.37a	0.00a
	A中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” A	42.71b	49.74a	7.55b	0.00a
	A大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” A	58.00a	34.52c	7.40b	0.07a
	B小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” B	41.57b	53.42a	4.99b	0.00a
	B中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” B	33.95c	57.86a	7.90a	0.27a
	B大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” B	50.50a	45.98b	3.51b	0.00a
	C小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” C	36.81c	58.22a	4.97a	0.00a
	C中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” C	42.33b	53.23a	4.44a	0.00a
	C大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” C	54.63a	43.74b	1.62b	0.00a
＞20～40	A小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” A	45.55b	40.03b	14.40a	0.01a
	A中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” A	39.39b	52.01a	8.61b	0.00a
	A大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” A	54.70a	37.66b	7.64b	0.00a
	B小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” B	41.27b	54.39b	4.33b	0.00a
	B中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” B	33.18c	58.77a	8.01a	0.03a
	B大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” B	48.46a	47.58c	3.94b	0.00a
	C小“土岛” Small “Soil Island” C	30.02c	64.59a	5.39a	0.00a
	C中“土岛” Middle “Soil Island” C	36.92b	58.80b	4.28b	0.00a
	C大“土岛” Large “Soil Island” C	49.24a	48.19c	2.57c	0.00a

表3 各“土岛”的土壤粒径分布

表4 各“土岛”的土壤有机碳质量分数

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