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浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）  2019, Vol. 45 Issue (4): 490-499    DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.09.051
动物科学与动物医学     
饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及养殖水质的影响
王成强1(),李宝山1(),王际英1,黄炳山1,郝甜甜1,孙永智1,马长兴2,周莹2
1. 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院，山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室，山东 烟台 264006
2. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院，水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心，上海 201306
Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture on growth performance, body composition and farming water quality of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)
Chengqiang WANG1(),Baoshan LI1(),Jiying WANG1,Bingshan HUANG1,Tiantian HAO1,Yongzhi SUN1,Changxing MA2,Ying ZHOU2
1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, Shandong, China
2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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摘要：

为研究在饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及养殖水质的影响，选用从健康珍珠龙胆石斑鱼肠道分离培养的枯草芽孢杆菌制成饲料添加剂，分别在基础饲料中添加0（B0）、0.5%（B1）、1.0%（B2）枯草芽孢杆菌制剂，同时分别在每个枯草芽孢杆菌水平上添加0（Y0）、0.5%（Y1）、1.0%（Y2）的酵母培养物，制成9组等氮等脂的试验饲料，以Y0B0组为对照组，饲喂初始体质量为（23.41±0.47） g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼，试验周期为8周。结果显示：枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对幼鱼特定生长率没有表现出显著的交互作用（P＞0.05），Y1B1和Y1B2组幼鱼特定生长率处于较高水平，显著高于对照组和Y2B2组（P＜0.05），且饲料效率和蛋白质效率呈现同特定生长率相似的变化趋势；幼鱼全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分含量在各组之间均无显著差异（P＞0.05），且枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对幼鱼体组成各项指标也均未表现出显著的交互作用（P＞0.05）。12 d的水质监测结果显示，从第6天开始，枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量和化学需氧量均表现出显著的交互作用，且Y1B1和Y1B2试验组水质指标（氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量和化学需氧量）较对照组得到明显改善（P＜0.05）。综上所述，当饲料中的酵母培养物和枯草芽孢杆菌添加水平为0.5%+0.5%（Y1B1组）和0.5%+1.0%(Y1B2组)时，珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼获得最佳的生长性能，且具有较高的蛋白质效率，同时，养殖水质也得到明显改善。
关键词： 珍珠龙胆石斑鱼;  枯草芽孢杆菌;  酵母培养物;  生长性能;  体组成;  水质    
Abstract:

An eight-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture on growth performance, whole body composition and farming water quality of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Nine isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated that contained three levels of B. subtilis [0 (control), 0.5% and 1.0%] and three yeast culture levels [0 (control), 0.5% and 1.0%] at each B. subtilis level; the Y0B0 was taken as control group. The results showed that the interaction between B. subtilis and yeast culture had no significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of grouper (P＞0.05). The SGR of Y1B1 and Y1B2 groups were significantly higher than the control and Y2B2 groups (P＜0.05). The feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of grouper had a similar trend with SGR. The whole fish body composition showed no significant difference between treatment groups (P＞0.05). Meanwhile, the results showed that the interaction between B. subtilis and yeast culture had no significant effect on the whole body composition of juveniles (P＞0.05). The monitoring results of farming water quality for 12 d showed that the interaction between B. subtilis and yeast culture had a significant effect on the ammonia, nitrite and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents in water starting from the sixth day; and the farming water quality of Y1B1 and Y1B2 groups had a significant improvement, compared with the control group. In conclusion, 0.5% yeast culture+0.5% B. subtilis and 0.5% yeast culture+1.0% B. subtilis in diets could promote growth performance and PER of juvenile hybrid grouper, and the farming water quality could be also obviously improved.
Key words: Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀× Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂    Bacillus subtilis    yeast culture    growth performance    body composition    water quality
收稿日期: 2018-09-05 出版日期: 2019-09-17
CLC:  S 963  
基金资助: 山东省烟台市科技计划(2016ZH068);山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF115005);山东省2018年度农业重大应用技术创新项目“基于氮排放的海水池塘生态养殖容量的研究”
通讯作者: 李宝山     E-mail: chengqiangwang@126.com;bsleeyt@126.com
作者简介: 王成强（https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-9708），E-mail：chengqiangwang@126.com
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引用本文:

王成强,李宝山,王际英,黄炳山,郝甜甜,孙永智,马长兴,周莹. 饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及养殖水质的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）, 2019, 45(4): 490-499.

Chengqiang WANG,Baoshan LI,Jiying WANG,Bingshan HUANG,Tiantian HAO,Yongzhi SUN,Changxing MA,Ying ZHOU. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture on growth performance, body composition and farming water quality of juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2019, 45(4): 490-499.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2018.09.051    或    http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2019/V45/I4/490

原料

Composition

 w/%
鱼粉 Fish meal 25.00
发酵豆粕 Fermented soybean meal 18.00
酪蛋白 Casein 9.00
维生素预混料1） Vitamin premix1) 1.00
矿物质预混料2） Mineral premix2) 1.00
大豆卵磷脂 Soy lecithin 1.00
鱼油 Fish oil 8.00
其他成分 Other composition 37.00

成分

Ingredient

 w/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein 52.50
粗脂肪 Crude lipid 11.63
粗灰分 Crude ash 9.29
水分 Moisture 5.25
总磷 Total phosphorus 1.53
表1  基础饲料配方及营养成分（干物质）

处理1）

Treatment1)

初始体质量

IBM/g

终末体质量

FBM/g

存活率

SR/%

特定生长率

SGR/(%/d)

饲料效率

FE/%

摄食率

FR/(%/d)

蛋白质效率

PER/%
Y0B0 23.42±0.09 77.85±0.49e 94.44±2.94 2.14±0.02e 1.46±0.02c 1.29±0.04 2.81±0.03c
Y0B1 23.38±0.14 80.60±0.24cd 93.33±3.85 2.21±0.01bc 1.57±0.02abc 1.27±0.05 3.01±0.03abc
Y0B2 23.38±0.03 79.48±0.55cde 98.89±1.11 2.18±0.01cde 1.49±0.02c 1.19±0.02 2.84±0.03bc
Y1B0 23.46±0.03 80.00±0.50cd 92.22±1.11 2.19±0.02bcd 1.48±0.01c 1.33±0.05 2.84±0.03bc
Y1B1 23.41±0.09 83.15±0.06a 95.55±2.22 2.26±0.02a 1.65±0.04a 1.21±0.03 3.15±0.07a
Y1B2 23.43±0.05 83.08±0.45ab 95.55±2.22 2.25±0.01a 1.63±0.02ab 1.21±0.03 3.10±0.04a
Y2B0 23.46±0.09 78.58±0.63de 91.11±2.22 2.16±0.01de 1.47±0.02c 1.36±0.04 2.83±0.04c
Y2B1 23.38±0.08 81.07±0.20bc 94.45±2.22 2.23±0.01ab 1.61±0.04ab 1.25±0.03 3.06±0.06ab
Y2B2 23.40±0.07 79.87±0.21cde 94.45±2.22 2.19±0.01bcd 1.51±0.03bc 1.26±0.03 2.86±0.05bc
方差分析（P值） ANOVA (P-value)
枯草芽孢杆菌 B. subtilis 0.189 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.003
酵母培养物 Yeast culture 0.530 0.000 0.002 0.293 0.000
交互作用 Interaction 0.727 0.102 0.117 0.567 0.113
表2  枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对幼鱼生长性能的影响

处理1）

Treatment1)

w(粗蛋白)

Crude protein content

w(粗脂肪)

Crude lipid content

w(粗灰分)

Crude ash content

w(水分)

Moisture content
Y0B0 16.44±0.10 5.78±0.02 4.35±0.07 71.52±0.09
Y0B1 16.68±0.06 5.86±0.03 4.44±0.06 71.41±0.19
Y0B2 16.35±0.11 5.71±0.02 4.31±0.11 72.01±0.12
Y1B0 16.19±0.07 5.72±0.02 4.22±0.03 72.13±0.18
Y1B1 16.60±0.13 5.77±0.08 4.20±0.05 72.31±0.25
Y1B2 16.71±0.23 5.91±0.11 4.28±0.09 71.85±0.33
Y2B0 16.24±0.23 5.75±0.08 4.30±0.08 71.96±0.42
Y2B1 16.71±0.06 5.83±0.04 4.35±0.09 72.09±0.07
Y2B2 16.59±0.18 5.78±0.06 4.30±0.11 71.59±0.29
方差分析（P值） ANOVA (P-value)
枯草芽孢杆菌 B. subtilis 0.015 0.378 0.796 0.825
酵母培养物 Yeast culture 0.976 0.942 0.156 0.101
交互作用 Interaction 0.302 0.161 0.797 0.175
表3  枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对幼鱼全鱼体组成的影响

处理1）

Treatment1)

试验时间 Experimental time/d
3 6 9 12
Y0B0 0.38±0.01ab 0.92±0.04a 2.04±0.07a 4.05±0.05ab
Y0B1 0.31±0.01cd 0.61±0.03bc 1.21±0.06c 3.62±0.17bc
Y0B2 0.34±0.01bc 0.68±0.02b 1.53±0.04b 3.79±0.13ab
Y1B0 0.36±0.01ab 0.86±0.04a 1.76±0.08ab 3.89±0.05ab
Y1B1 0.28±0.01d 0.48±0.01c 1.05±0.05c 2.72±0.11e
Y1B2 0.29±0.01d 0.50±0.01c 1.09±0.04c 2.95±0.05de
Y2B0 0.39±0.01a 0.99±0.02a 2.00±0.06a 4.09±0.06ab
Y2B1 0.30±0.01cd 0.51±0.01c 1.18±0.04c 3.24±0.12cd
Y2B2 0.38±0.01ab 0.98±0.01a 2.05±0.07a 4.12±0.04a
方差分析（P值） ANOVA (P-value)
枯草芽孢杆菌 B. subtilis 0 0 0 0
酵母培养物 Yeast culture 0 0 0 0
交互作用 Interaction 0.013 0 0 0
表4  枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对养殖水体中氨氮含量的影响

处理1）

Treatment1)

试验时间 Experimental time/d
3 6 9 12
Y0B0 0.11±0.01 0.25±0.01a 0.41±0.00a 0.59±0.01a
Y0B1 0.09±0.01 0.21±0.01bcd 0.32±0.01de 0.49±0.01bc
Y0B2 0.09±0.01 0.21±0.01bcd 0.34±0.01cd 0.53±0.01b
Y1B0 0.10±0.01 0.24±0.01ab 0.38±0.00ab 0.58±0.01a
Y1B1 0.09±0.00 0.18±0.01e 0.27±0.01f 0.42±0.01e
Y1B2 0.09±0.00 0.19±0.01de 0.29±0.00ef 0.43±0.01de
Y2B0 0.10±0.00 0.25±0.00a 0.40±0.01ab 0.60±0.01a
Y2B1 0.09±0.01 0.19±0.01de 0.30±0.01ef 0.46±0.01cd
Y2B2 0.10±0.01 0.24±0.00abc 0.37±0.01bc 0.58±0.01a
方差分析（P值） ANOVA (P-value)
枯草芽孢杆菌 B. subtilis 0.009 0 0 0
酵母培养物 Yeast culture 0.263 0 0 0
交互作用 Interaction 0.750 0.005 0.005 0
表5  枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对养殖水体中亚硝酸盐含量的影响

处理1）

Treatment1)

试验时间 Experimental time/d
3 6 9 12
Y0B0 3.74±0.05a 6.45±0.05a 10.07±0.29a 13.30±0.15a
Y0B1 3.17±0.03cd 5.05±0.04c 7.33±0.16cd 10.57±0.27cd
Y0B2 3.42±0.06bc 5.47±0.06b 7.58±0.25cd 11.63±0.32bc
Y1B0 3.65±0.08ab 5.69±0.09b 8.51±0.42bc 12.21±0.33ab
Y1B1 2.97±0.03d 4.58±0.08d 6.73±0.10d 9.09±0.12e
Y1B2 3.04±0.04d 4.80±0.13cd 6.99±0.07d 9.50±0.11de
Y2B0 3.73±0.05a 6.43±0.07a 10.03±0.22a 13.24±0.15a
Y2B1 3.11±0.07d 4.86±0.11cd 7.16±0.11d 9.90±0.18de
Y2B2 3.62±0.05ab 6.34±0.06a 9.37±0.36ab 12.49±0.25ab
方差分析（P值） ANOVA (P-value)
枯草芽孢杆菌 B. subtilis 0 0 0 0
酵母培养物 Yeast culture 0 0 0 0
交互作用 Interaction 0.001 0 0.002 0.001
表6  枯草芽孢杆菌和酵母培养物对养殖水体化学需氧量的影响
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