盐胁迫对不同耐盐性棉花幼苗生长与生理及无机离子器官分布的影响

doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.11.081

浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)

2017, Vol. 43

Issue (3): 273-280 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.11.081

作物栽培和生理

盐胁迫对不同耐盐性棉花幼苗生长与生理及无机离子器官分布的影响

王汐妍¹，裘波音²，刘玉姣¹，徐晓建¹，苏文¹，祝水金¹，陈进红^1*

1.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院，浙江省作物种质资源重点实验室，杭州 310058；2.温州科技职业学院，浙江温州 320056

Characteristics of seedling growth, physiology and inorganic ion distribution of different salt tolerant cottons under salt stress

WANG Xiyan¹, QIU Boyin², LIU Yujiao¹, XU Xiaojian¹, SU Wen¹, ZHU Shuijin¹, CHEN Jinhong^1*

(1. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 320056, Zhejiang, China)

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摘要： 为了从多个角度系统分析棉花耐盐性的生理机制，采用水培法，研究氯化钠（NaCl）胁迫对耐盐性不同的2个陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品系（耐盐品系：早熟长绒7号；盐敏感品系：南丹巴地大花）幼苗生长、抗氧化酶活性、光合速率、丙二醛（malonaldehyde，MDA）含量及不同器官无机离子Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺/K⁺分布特点的影响。结果表明，在适宜盐浓度下具有较大的根系生长量是耐盐品系的一个重要特征。在150 mmol/L NaCl处理下，早熟长绒7号的侧根数、主根长与地下部鲜质量与对照相比分别增加了14.3%、10.9%与21.7%。在盐胁迫下，耐盐性强的品系能维持较高的净光合速率和抗氧化酶活性。随着NaCl胁迫加强，2个品系的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性变化趋势为早熟长绒7号逐渐升高和南丹巴地大花先升高后降低。在同一NaCl浓度处理下，早熟长绒7号不同器官中的Na+含量为根＞茎和叶，地上部（茎和叶）能维持相对较高的K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量及较低的Na⁺/K⁺：表明根系能蓄积一部分Na⁺，从而减轻Na⁺对地上部的毒害。随着盐胁迫程度加重，盐敏感品系的MDA含量上升幅度显著高于耐盐品系。在150和300 mmol/L NaCl处理条件下，南丹巴地大花的MDA含量比对照分别提高了30.3%和83.5%，早熟长绒7号的MDA含量比对照分别提高了21.6%和64.7%。综上表明，在盐胁迫下，棉花耐盐品系通过调节自身根系的生长、增强抗氧化酶的活性及协调不同无机离子间的平衡，使叶片保持较高的光合作用，从而减轻盐胁迫导致的离子毒害和氧化损伤。

Abstract: Salt damage is one of severe abiotic stresses which restricts yield and quality of crops all over the world. In China, saline alkali soil area is increasing mainly for environmental pollution and unreasonable fertilization in recent decades. Although cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is classified as a strong salt-resistant plant, it is sensitive to salinity at seedling and flowering stages. Thus, in order to improve salt tolerance of cottons, systematical study on salt tolerance mechanism becomes more and more necessary. In other words, research on the growth and physiological characteristics can not only explore the mechanism of salt tolerance of plant, but also lay the foundation for breeding new salt-tolerant varieties.
In this experiment, solution cultures with 0, 150 and 300 mmol/L NaCl were conducted to study the effect of salt stress on characteristics of seedling growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, malonaldehyde (MDA) content and inorganic ion concentration of two upland cotton cultivars (cv. Zaoshuchangrong7, salt-tolerant and cv. Nandanbadidahua, salt-sensitive). All the samples were collected after one week treatment. Concentrations of Na⁺ , K⁺ , Ca²⁺ , and Mg²⁺of different organs (root, stem and leaf) were detected by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
The result showed that the salt-tolerant cotton had a larger growth quantity of root under moderate salt stress than the saltsensitive cotton. For instance, under the 150 mmol/L NaCl treatment, the salt-tolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7 had 14.3%, 10.9% and 21.7% more in primary lateral root number, taproot length, and root mass than the control, respectively. Also, the higher net photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme activity could be maintained in the leaf of salt-tolerant cotton under the salt stress. For example, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were increased gradually in the salt-tolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7 along with the increase of salt stress, while the activities of these enzymes increased firstly and then reduced in salt-sensitive cv. Nandanbadidahua. Furthermore, there was a regular distribution of inorganic ion concentrations of the salttolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7 under the same NaCl stress: greatly higher concentration of Na+ in the root than in the stem and leaf; higher concentrations of K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺, but lower ratio of Na⁺/K⁺ in the shoot. It was indicated that the salt-tolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7 could store up part of Na+ in the root thereby to relieve Na+ toxicity in the shoot. However, MDA content of salt- sensitive cv. Nandanbadidahua increased more dramatically than the salt-tolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7 when the NaCl concentration climbed from 150 to 300 mmol/L. Under the 150 and 300 mmol/L NaCl treatments, the MDA contents of saltsensitive cv. Nandanbadidahua increased 30.3% and 83.5%, respectively, when compared with the control, and remained higher level than the salt-tolerant cv. Zaoshuchangrong7.
To sum up, this study reveals that protection from ion toxicity and oxidative damage by regulating the root growth, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzyme and coordinating the ion homeostasis in different organs may be major physiological mechanisms of salt-tolerant cotton in response to salt damage.

收稿日期: 2016-11-08 出版日期: 2016-12-12

CLC:

S 311

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金（31571715）

通讯作者: 陈进红（http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-0578） E-mail: jinhongchen@zju.edu.cn

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引用本文:

王汐妍，裘波音，刘玉姣，徐晓建，苏文，祝水金，陈进红. 盐胁迫对不同耐盐性棉花幼苗生长与生理及无机离子器官分布的影响[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2017, 43(3): 273-280.

WANG Xiyan, QIU Boyin, LIU Yujiao, XU Xiaojian, SU Wen, ZHU Shuijin, CHEN Jinhong. Characteristics of seedling growth, physiology and inorganic ion distribution of different salt tolerant cottons under salt stress. Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture and Life Sciences), 2017, 43(3): 273-280.

链接本文:

http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.11.081 或 http://www.zjujournals.com/agr/CN/Y2017/V43/I3/273

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